2006高中英语语法系列总复习--(非谓语)

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2006年高考语法复习系列非谓语动词过去分词不定式V-ing形式非谓语动词三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击:1.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_____tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage____thegirlandtookheraway,____intothewoods.(04上海春季)A.seizing..,disappearedB.seized..,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语,并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性,故B、D皆错;不用and连接时称之为状语,只能用非谓语动词作状语,故C错。seized和took是并列谓语,disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置,如果and在disappear前,则三个动词并列。AD从形式上记忆,从意义上理解,在运用中掌握共同点:1不定式,分词,V-ing形式都不能单独作句子的谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制;2.都还具有动词的特征,本身可带宾语或状语构成短语在句中起作用;3.都有时态,语态之分;4.构成否定式时,not都加在前面.不同点:在语法作用上,不定式和V-ing形式在句中起名词,形容词,副词的作用;过去分词起形容词,副词的作用.在时态上,不定式表示将来发生的动作,表示已经发生或正在进行的动作,而过去分词表示完成的动作或存在的状态.在词汇意义上,V-ing形式说明的是他人的感觉,过去分词说明的是自我的感觉.主动形式被动形式一般式完成式主动形式被动形式一般式完成式进行式todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonetobedoing×doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone不定式todo+ing形式-ing的复合结构:名/代(宾格)+doing,名词所有格+doing一、非谓语动词的考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别;2、非谓语动词作定语;3、非谓语动词作主语和表语;4、非谓语动词作宾语;5、非谓语动词作宾补;6、非谓语动词作状语;7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。二、非谓语动词的句法功能不定式主语宾语表语宾补定语状语动名词主语宾语表语定语分词表语宾补定语状语(一)作主(宾)语时1.不定式作主语表示一个未来的、具体的动作。2.动名词做主语表示一般的、经常性的动作。2)IlikeswimmingbutIdon'tliketoswimtoday.非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题:第一是并行结构问题,如:Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.第二需要注意一些结构:A)在It’snouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名词作主语。如:It’snousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比较:There’snoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在It’s+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型:•It’seasy(difficult,hard,important,possiblecomfortable,necessary)后加forsb.todo•It’skind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的))后加ofsb.todo(二)作宾语1.下列动词和短语后面只能接不定式:•注意1:仅带不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend,wouldliketo等;•注意2:动词know,show等常带疑问词加todo作宾语。2.仅带动名词作宾语的动词为:admitappreciateavoiddelayenjoyescapeexcusepreventfinishimaginemindpractiseresistrisksuggeststandforgivekeepallowadvisepermitforbid但allow(advise,permit,forbid)sb.todosth.在动词want(need,require,demand)doingsth=want(need,require,demand)tobedone。带动名词作宾语的词组有:be/getusedto,beworth,devoteoneselfto,feellike,getdownto,payattentionto,insiston,lookforwardto,leadto通向,导致,turnto转向,求助于,seeto处理照料,stickto,beopento愿意接受等.英语中有些动词可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但含义不同.remembergoontododoingtododoingtodo(遗憾要做某事)doing(后悔做了某事)forgettrytodo(设法…)doing(尝试着做…)regretmeantodo(继续做另外一件事)doing(继续做同一件事)stoptodo(停下手中的事去做另外一件)doing(停止做正在做的事情)todo打算做doing意味着8.can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做I’msorryIcan’thelptocleantheroom.can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做Theycouldn’thelplaughingwhentheyheardthejoke.9.stopWestoppedworking.(宾语)Westoppedtohavearest.(状语)Westoppedworkingtohavearest.(三)作宾补时1.不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程feel,see,lookat,notice,observe,watch,listento,hear等表示感觉、感官的动词have,let,make等“使役动词”变成被动语态时,to一定不能省略•Iheardhimsingtwoforeignsongs.•Paul’sparentsmadehimstudy.Paulwasmadetostudy(byhisparents).sb+do2.-ing形式作宾补:强调动作的主动,正在进行。Iheardhimsingingtwoforeignsongs.3.-ed形式作宾补时,强调动作的被动、完成1)Iheardtwoforeignsongssung(byhim).2)HewasdisappointedtofindhisTVturnedoff.havesb/sthdone让某人/某事被makeoneselfdone使自己被…Makemyselfunderstood(heard,seen)4.---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret_____that.(95N)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5.---Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.---Don’tyouremember_____methestoryyesterday?(99上海)A.toldB.tellingC.totelltohavetold6.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.(02上海春季)A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaitingDBA特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词:remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop2.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone使役动词make/have/letsb.dosth.但改为被动语态后,则应为:bemade/lettodo。注意其它不带to的动词不定式的用法。此句中的it指代的是acomputer,what在从句中作do的宾语,表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用…peoplehaveacomputerdo…这一结构。需要注意的是have的几个常用结构:havesb./sth.do…;havesb./sth.done…;havesb./sth.doing…;havesb./sth.todoBA4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.(00N)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen_____neartheriver.(94N)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplaythat引导的是定语从句,修饰plan,在从句中作see的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为seetheplancarriedout。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式,则表示一个完整的动作;若用现在分词,则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。CA(四)作定语时1.不定式作定语通常表示未发生的(1)Whoisthewomantoteachusgeographynextyear?=Whoisthewomanthatwillteachusgeographynextyear?(2)Ihavealotofthingstodo.=IhavealotofthingsthatIshalldo.2.+ing形式作定语(1)表示它所修饰的名词的用途。如:aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming游泳池adiningcar=acarfordining餐车(2)表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的、主动的动作如:asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping一个正在睡觉的小孩awomanreadingoverthere=awomanwhoisreadingoverthere3.-ed作定语表示一个被动的、完成的动作如:theworkdoneyesterdayadevelopedcountry(五)作状语时1.不定式常作目的和结果状语多出现在:inorderto...,soasto...,so...asto...,too...to...,...enoughto...等结构中。如:Sheworkedhardsoasnottofailintheexam.Heissostrongastoliftaheavyboxveryeasily.Igotupearlyenoughtocatchthe6∶50train.2.-ing形式和-ed形式常作时间、原因、条件、方式和伴随状语如:1.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhave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