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第3讲改造低级句一、简单句的高级形式简单句其实也可以不简单，若将简单句与非谓语动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、同位语、独立主格结构等巧妙地合并在一起，不但可以表达更丰富的内容，而且也使句子变得更精彩，充分显示你在英语表达上的实力。以下各句摘自近年各省市高考写作范文的高级简单句，请欣赏、熟记、模仿：1．同位语Iwanttohaveapenfriend,hopefullyagirlinherearlytwentiesandwithinterestssimilartomine.我想有一个笔友，希望是一个二十出头且兴趣相投的女孩子。(同位语中又有两个并列的介词短语修饰)(全国)2．形容词短语BorninAmerican,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.出生于美国的托马斯·爱迪生是一个伟大的科学家和发明家。(湖南)3．不定式短语Inordertostudywell,weneedtodosports.为了学习好，我们需要做体育运动。(辽宁)4．现在分词短语Inthispicture，amotherbirdstaysinhernestinabigtree,watchingherbabiesflyingaway.在这幅图中，一只鸟妈妈待在一棵大树的鸟巢里，看着她的鸟宝宝飞走。(北京)5．过去分词短语Comparedwithlettersandpublicphones，mobilephonesandtheInternetarefasterandmuchmoreconvenient.与信件和公用电话相比，手机和网络更快也更方便。(广东)6．介词短语Insteadofgivingusanswersimmediately,heencouragesustothinkbyourselves.他鼓励我们独立思考，而不是马上告诉我们答案。(湖南)【活学活用】按括号中的提示翻译下列句子。1．我是李华，四川的一个学生。(同位语)__________________________________________________2．与其他老师相比，摩尔先生更注意教学方法。(用过去分词短语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________I'mLiHua,astudentinSichuan.Comparedwithotherteachers,Mr.Moorepaysmoreattentiontohiswayofteaching.3．北京动物园，建于1906年，有100多年的历史了。(用过去分词短语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________4．李华在公共汽车站等601公车去上学。(现在分词短语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________TheBeijingZoo,builtin1906,hasahistoryofmorethan100years.LiHuawasatthebusstop,waitingforBusNo.601togotoschool.5．我们学生应当通过努力学习而不是通过考试作弊来获得好成绩。(介词短语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________合并成简单句。6．(1)Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(2)Themoonisanaturalsatelliteoftheearth.____________________________________________________________________________________________________Westudentsshouldtrytogetgoodresultsbystudyinghardinsteadofcheatinginexaminations.Themoon,travelingroundtheearthonceeverymonth,isanaturalsatelliteoftheearth.二、简单句的扩展句子的扩展，就是在名词前后加上前置或者后置定语，在动词、形容词或者副词前后加上适当的状语，或者增加修饰整个句子的状语，等等。其目的是使结构形式更饱满、内容表达更加清楚、语言表达更生动。我们练习句子的扩展，有助于循序渐进地实现由句到段的过渡。[例1]对Themanwasfamous.(主语＋系动词＋表语)一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子：(1)ThemannamedMikewasfamous.(画线部分为定语)(2)Attheageofseventeen,themanwasveryfamousbecauseofbeinggoodatplayingthepiano.(画线部分为状语)[例2]对Thestudentjumped.(主语＋谓语)一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子：(1)Thenaughtystudentwithapairofglassesonhisnosejumped.(画线部分为定语)(2)Hearingthegoodnews，thenaughtystudentwithglassesonhisnosejumpedwithjoyinclasswithoutanyhesitation.[画线部分为状语(注意两个with复合结构的不同功能)][例3]对ChinesearemakingChinamorepowerful.(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补)一句进行扩展，可得到以下一些句子：(1)Hard-workingandopen-mindedChinesearemakingChinafullofresourcesmorepowerful.(画线部分为定语)(2)Withtimegoingon,hard-workingandopen-mindedChinesearemakingChinafullofresourcesmorepowerfulthanbeforeasexpected.(画线部分为状语)【活学活用】按要求对下列句子进行扩展。1．Studentsbuybooks.(至少要含非谓语、介词短语和从句等作定语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Studentswork.(至少要含非谓语、介词短语和从句等作状语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________StudentspreparingforthefinalexamsbuysomebooksonEnglishinthebookstorewhichisinthecornerofthatstreet.Inordertoimprovetheirschoolsubjects,studentsworksohardintheclassroomthattheyforgettogooutafterclass.3．Themangavemeapen.(至少含一个不定式短语，一个现在分词短语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________三、简单句合并成并列句有时为了使句子的连贯性更强，表达也更为贴切、自然，我们在两个或者多个简单句之间加上and,but,or(或者，否则),for(因为),while(而，却)等并列连词，使其成为并列句。如：(1)Ouroutdooractivitywilllast3hours.We'llbebackatabout11o'clock.Themensittingbythewindowgavemeapentowritedownmyphonenumber.→Ouroutdooractivitywilllast3hours,andwe'llbebackatabout11o'clock.(2)Youmusthurry.You'llmisstheplane.→Youmusthurry,oryou'llmisstheplane.(3)Honeyissweet.Thebeestings.→Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.在两个或者多个简单句之间加上when,after,as，because,where,which,who等从属连词，可以使简单句变成复合句，从而扩展成主从复合句。如：(1)Iforgottoposttheletter.Iwroteityesterday.(改为含定语从句的复合句)→IforgottoposttheletterIwroteyesterday.(2)Hemissedthefirstbus.Hecametoschoollate.(改为含状语从句的复合句)→Becausehemissedthefirstbus,hecametoschoollate.→Hemissedthefirstbus,sohecametoschoollate.【活学活用】将下列句子合并成一句并列句或主从复合句。1．Hewastired.Hewenttobed.__________________________________________________2．Ourteachermustbeathome.Thedoorisopen.__________________________________________________3．(1)Asatelliteisanobject.(2)Asatellitetravelsinanorbitroundanotherobjectinspace.(3)Asatelliteiseithernaturalorman-made.____________________________________________________________________________________________________Hewastired,sohewenttobed.Ourteachermustbeathome,forthedoorisopen.Asatelliteisanobject,eithernaturalormanmade,whichtravelsinanorbitroundanotherobjectinspace.4．(1)Airtrafficcontrollerstellpilotswhentoland.(2)Airtrafficcontrollerstellpilotswhentotakeoff.(3)Airtrafficcontrollersknowthepositionsofallplanesflyingtotheairport.(4)Airtrafficcontrollersknowthepositionsofallplanesflyingfromtheairport.(5)Airtrafficcontrollersuserad