四级语法 时间状语从句

状语从句讲解在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。同时要注意主从句的时态呼应。考核要求时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句状语从句类型从属连词时间状语从句when，whenever，while，as，before，after，since，nowthat，until，once，themoment，immediately，nosooner…than，thesecond，instantly，hardly地点状语从句Where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere原因状语从句because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that)结果状语从句sothat,so…that,such…that条件状语从句if，unless，aslongas,suppose，supposing，incase，sofaras，provided目的状语从句so，sothat，inorderthat，forfearthat，lest让步状语从句although,though,however(=nomatterhow),evenif,whether…or方式状语从句as，asif，asthough比较状语从句as…as，notas…as，than掌握：1.when/while/as2.before/after3.till/until4.since5.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute,三者可表示“当…时候”，区别如下：(1)若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作，三者都可用：Hefellasleepwhen[while,as]hewasreading.(2)若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用while：Don’ttalkwhileyou’reeating.Ikeptsilentwhilehewaswriting.(3)若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边…一边”之意思，通常用as：Shesangasshewentalong.(4)若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用as/when但不用while：Itwasraininghardwhen[as]wearrived.(5)若主从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，用as/when：Ithoughtofitjustwhen[as]youopenedyourmouth.就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。(6)若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况，“随着”，用as：Thingsaregettingbetterandbetterastimegoeson.Asitgrewdarker,itbecamecolder.(7)when可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”、“却”(表示对比)；但as则没有类似用法：Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.Helikescoffee,whileshelikestea.注意：①当使用连接词when表示“…时候”时，它所引导的从句中谓语动词用一般现在时或者一般过去时，不能用完成时态；②when，while和as都引导表示时间的状语从句，它们的区别在于动作发生的时间顺序。用when时，从句的动作可以与主句的同时发生或先于主句动作发生；用as时从句和主句动作同时发生；用while时从句和主句动作同时发生，也可表示持续一段时间。1.__________________weweretalking,Mr.Smithscamein.2._______theycamehome,Iwascookingdinner.3.Iwasabouttogotobed_______Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.4.________wewerewatchingTV,hewasstudying.5.Heisfat_______hisbrotheristhin.6.______shesang,tearsrandownherface.用when,while或as填空:While/As/WhenWhenwhenWhilewhileAsBefore在…之前；After在…之后表示主从句的动作先后发生1.当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；2.如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时；3.After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。1.Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.2.MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.3.Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.4.Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthomeBefore与after1.Finishyourhomework________yougoouttoplay.2.Hehadwalkedthreedays________hefoundwater.3.Itwasnotlong_________helefthishometown.Before与after4.Iplayedfootball_______I(had)finishedmyhomework5.PleasetellherI’llcome_______Idosomeshopping.6.Itwillnotbelong________wemeateachotheragain.till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。注意：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。Ididn'tgotobeduntil（till）myfathercameback.ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.Iworkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回来为止。Ididn'tworkuntilhecameback.他回来我这才开始工作。till与until1.Helivedwithhisparents__________hegraduatedfromcollege.2.Thechildrenwon’tcomehome__________it’sdark.3.______youtoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4.Not______hetoldmedidIknowthetruth.5.Itwas__________thewarwasoverthathereturnedtohisland.since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.区别：1.Itis…since从…以来多长时间了Itisfiveyearssincewemetlasttime.2.Itis…before…(…才)ItwasalongtimebeforeIwenttosleepagain.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminuteIwillgotheredirectlyIhavefinishedmybreakfast.吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。ThemomentIheardthenews,Ihastenedtothespot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。hardly(scarcely,rarely)…when,nosooner…than主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly,scarcely,rarely和nosooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.Nosoonerhadhearrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.1.I____________(be)athisbedsidesincehe________(become)ill.2.It_____________(be)twoyearssincewe_______(be)universitystudents.3._____________________________________(一…就…)hesawthemonster,heturnedpale.填空4.Thespyhad___________returnedhomethanhewastoldtogotoanothercountry.5.Wehad________returnedhomewhenitrained.6._________hadwebegunwhenweweretoldtostop.填空(1)当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义。Turnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.Iwilltellhimassoonashearrives.(2)与since从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态。Hehaslivedheresince1999.WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?改错题:1.Shewaswalkingonthestreetwhiletheaccidenthappened.____________2.IwillcallyouassoonasIwillfinishmyhomework.____________3.AfterthequeenknowsitisIthathelpyourunaway,shewillkillme.____________4.Ihavefinishedthecompositionwhenthebellrang.____________1.IgotintouchwithCharles________Ireceivedhisletter.A.whenimmediatelyB.soonC.immediatelyD.suddenly2.Wewerejust________callingyouup________youcamein.A.about;whenB.onthepointof;whileC.onthepointof;whenD.onthepointof;as3.Mostofhisgreatnovelsandplayswerenotpublishedorknowntothepublic________histragicdeathin1786.A.evenbeforeB.eversinceC.untilafterD.untilbefore4.Babiessleep16to18hoursinevery24hours,andtheysleepless________theygrowolder.A.whileB.asC.whenD.after5.－DidyouremembertoreturnthebooktoourEn