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[键入文字]热能与动力工程专业锅炉原理课程设计设计题目：220t/h煤粉锅炉热力设计学院：电气工程学院专业：热能与动力工程年级：2012级学号：学生姓名：指导教师：龚德鸿[键入文字]目录绪论及基本资料··················································································1一、锅炉课程设计的目的································································1二、锅炉课程设计热力计算方法·······················································1三、课程设计应完成的工作·····························································1四、课程设计进程安排···································································2五、锅炉校核计算主要内容·····························································2六、锅炉课程设计应提供的必备资料·················································3七、整体校核热力计算过程顺序·······················································3八、热力校核计算基本资参数··························································3九、燃料特性：············································································4十、漏风系数和过量空气系数如下表：··············································5十一、确定锅炉的基本结构·····························································6第一章、辅助计算···············································································71.1锅炉的空气量计算····································································71.2燃料燃烧计算··········································································7第二章、炉膛校核热力计算································································132.1校核热力计算步骤：······························································132.2炉膛顶棚辐射受热面吸热量及工质焓增的计算······························16第三章、对流受热面的热力计算··························································17[键入文字]3.1对流受热面计算步骤：···························································173.2屏式过热器热力计算：····························································183.3凝渣管的热力计算：·······························································213.4高温过热器的热力计算：·························································223.5低温过热器的结构及热力计算：················································243.6省煤器和空气预热器·······························································26第四章锅炉热力计算误差检查····························································36心得体会·························································································39参考文献·························································································40第1页绪论及基本资料一、锅炉课程设计的目的锅炉课程设计《锅炉原理》课程的重要教学实践环节。通过课程设计来达到以下目的：对锅炉原理课程的知识得以巩固、充实和提高；掌握锅炉机组的热力计算方法，学会使用热力计算标准方法,并具有综合考虑锅炉机组设计与布置的初步能力；培养对工程技术问题的严肃认真和负责的态度。二、锅炉课程设计热力计算方法根据计算任务的不同，可分为设计（结构）热力计算和校核热力计算两种。设计热力计算：进行设计新锅炉时的热力计算称为设计热力计算，简称设计计算。设计热力计算的任务时，在锅炉容量和参数、燃料性质以及某些受热面边界处的水、汽、风、烟温度给定的情况下，选定合理的路子结构和尺寸，并计算出各个受热面积的数值，同时也为锅炉其他一些计算提供必要的原始资料。校核热力计算：校核热力计算的任务是在锅炉容量和参数、燃料性质、锅炉各部结构和尺寸已知的情况下，确定各受热面边界处的水、汽、风、烟温度以及风、烟流经各受热面时的速度和锅炉效率、燃料消耗量等。校核热力计算可帮助人们正确0制定出提高锅炉安全经济运行水平和改造锅炉的合理措施，同时也为锅炉的其他计算，如锅炉通风计算、强度计算以及水动力计算等提供有关的基础数据。设计计算与校核计算在计算方法上是相同的，计算时所依据的传热原理、公式和图表也都是相同的，仅计算任务和所求数据不同。一般来说，对已有的锅炉进行改造估算时常用校核热力计算，设计制造新锅炉时用设计热力计算。但随着人们对锅炉认识的不断加深，已积累了相当多的成熟经验。因此，在设计制造新锅炉时，也多是先将锅炉结构等初步布置好，然后以校核热力计算的方法来进行修正，并不直接采用设计热力计算了。所以，掌握好校核热力计算方法是非常重要的。三、课程设计应完成的工作第2页1．对给定高压煤粉锅炉，确认该锅炉的运行条件与各主要运行参数；2．确定该锅炉整体结构布置原理与汽水流程特点；3．确定该锅炉炉膛及各主受热面与附加受热面的结构设计特点；4．校核给定燃煤的元素分析数据并判别煤种；5．核实锅炉校核热力计算必须的原始数据；6．进行额定负荷下燃用给定燃料的锅炉的校核热力计算；7．绘制锅炉的总图；8．编写课程设计说明书。四、课程设计进程安排序号设计各阶段名称日期、周次1发放设计任务书，交待设计要求，说明收资方向和方式。学生收资。7月6日2介绍锅炉热力设计的意义和方法，开始阅读指定的参考文献，做读书笔记。7月7日3介绍220t/h锅炉的结构特点和系统特点，开始进行给定设计参数的热力计算。7月8日4锅炉的设计参数及受热面形式。7月9日5空气、烟气的容积及温-焓计算。锅炉热平衡计算。炉膛传热。7月10日6各对流受热面的热力计算7月13日7各对流受热面的热力计算锅炉总体热平衡校核。7月14日8锅炉总体热平衡校核。7月15日9手绘1号锅炉总图（纵剖视图）图纸。7月16日10提交文本，小型答辩。。7月17日五、锅炉校核计算主要内容1、锅炉辅助设计计算：这部分计算的目的是为后面受热面的热力计算提供第3页必要的基本计算数据或图表。2、受热面热力计算：其中包含为热力计算提供结构数据的各受热面的结构计算。3、计算数据的分析：这部分内容往往是鉴定设计质量等的主要数据。六、锅炉课程设计应提供的必备资料1、课程设计任务及其要求；2、给定的燃料及其特性；3、锅炉的主要参数，如锅炉蒸发量、给水的压力和温度、过热蒸汽和再热蒸汽的主要参数等；4、锅炉概况，如锅炉结构的基本特点、制粉设备及其系统、燃烧及排渣方式以及连续排污量等；5、锅炉结构简图、烟气和汽水系统流程简图、受热面和烟道主要尺寸等。七、整体校核热力计算过程顺序1、列出热力计算的主要原始数据，包括锅炉的主要参数和燃料特性参数。2、根据燃料、燃烧方式及锅炉结构布置特点，进行锅炉通道空气量平衡计算。3、理论工况下（a＝1）的燃烧计算。4、计算锅炉通道内烟气的特性参数。5、绘制烟气温焓表。6、锅炉热平衡计算和燃料消耗量的估算。7、锅炉炉膛热力计算。8、按烟气流向对各个受热面依次进行热力计算。9、锅炉整体计算误差的校验。10、编制主要计算误差的校验。11、设计分析及结论。八、热力校核计算基本资参数1、锅炉蒸发量：D=220t/h第4页2、过热蒸汽出口压力：Pgr=9.8Mpa3、过热蒸汽出口温度：tgr=540℃4、给水温度：tgs=215℃5、给水压力：Pgs=11.3Mpa6、汽包工作压力：Pgt=10.8Mpa7、排污率：P=1%8、环境温度：20℃9、制粉系统：中间储仓式（热空气作干燥剂、钢球筒式磨煤机，热风送粉）10、燃烧方式：四角切圆燃烧11、排渣方式：固态12、蒸汽流程：一次喷水减温二次喷水减温↓↓汽包→顶棚管→低温对流过热器→屏式过热器→高温对流过热器冷段→高温对流过热器热段→汽轮机13、烟气流程：炉膛→屏式过热器→高温对流过热器→低温对流过热器→高温省煤器→高温空预器→低温省煤器→低温空预器九、燃料特性：（1）.煤种及其成分①由课程设计指导书可知选用京西无烟煤②煤的成分如下表：表1-1序号项目单位煤种11收到基碳Car%63.522收到基氢Har%2.093收到基氧Oar%1.024收到基氮Nar%0.92第5页5收到基硫Sar%0.696收到基灰份Aar%23.767收到基水份Mar%8.08空气干燥基水份Mad%2.259干燥无灰基挥发份Vdaf%7.3510可磨性系数HGI5511收到基低位发热量Qnet,arkJ/kg2308212灰变形温度DT℃110513灰软化温度ST℃150014灰半球温度HT℃150015灰流动温度FT℃1500（2）、煤的各元素成分的校核Mar+Aar+Car+Har+Oar+Nar+Sar=8.0%+23.76+63.52%+2.09%+1.02%+0.92%+0.69%=1十、漏风系数和过量空气系数如下表：表1-2序号名称额定负荷时漏风系数Δαe非额定负荷时漏风系数Δα入口过量空气系数α′出口过量空气系数α符号计算公式结果符号计算公式结果1制粉系统漏风系数Δαzf0.1-------2炉膛0.05Δα1Δαe（De/D)0.05α11.233屏、凝渣管0Δαpn0α′pn=α1αpnα′pn+Δαpn1.234高温过热器0.025ΔαggΔαe(De/D)0.5其中：De为锅炉0.025α′gg=αpnαggα′gg＋Δαgg1.26第6页5低温过热器0.025Δαdg额定符合；D为锅炉实际负荷0.025α′dg=αggαdgα′dg＋Δαdg1.286高温省煤器0.02Δαss0.02α′ss=αdgαssα′ss＋Δαss1.317高温空预器0.05Δαsk0.05α′sk=αssαskα