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IELTSWRITINGLessonTwo:分论点的思维方法IELTSWRITING如何写分论点：1).内部参与主体2).外部涉及人员和机构3).分情况4).本质5).成本6).主体分开看待7).反驳IELTSWRITING1).事件的内部参与者在经历这件事情后所发生的变化：IELTSWRITING1.我打你2.政府给钱父母在家照顾小孩3.看电视4.寄宿学校的利弊5.老年人住家还是养老院6.Nowadays,manyrichcountriesofferhelptopoorcountries.Doyouthinkitsdisadvantagesoutweighadvantages?Individual健康physicalhealth心理psychologicalsoundness情感emotion道德morality（moralnormandethiccodes）教育技能education(academicachievements)andskill→careerdevelopment家庭（parents,husband+wife,children）权利right生活方式wayoflife成本timeandefficiencyCountryPoliticalEconomicCulturalSocialSocial1.消除贫困halving/eliminate/reducepoverty2.消除疾病,尤其是艾滋病disease3.扫除文盲,普及小学教育illiteracy4.保护环境:生态平衡,Ecosystem(equilibrium)balance物种的多样性(biodiversity5.维护妇女基本权益和平等的社会地位和尊严feminism,women,female,Socialstructure/status/dignity,IELTSWRITING2.Someconsiderthathistoryislittleornousetous.Othersbelievethatstudyinghistoryhelpsustoknowthepresent.Discusstheirviewsandgiveyourownopinion.IELTSWRITING分论点：后果1：政府学历史，政府了解现在的政策是否正确Throughhistory,thegovernmentcanbeinformedwhethertheirpoliciesareontherighttrack.(forexample,aftertheCulturalRevolution(1966-1976),duringwhichtherelationshipbetweenChinaandrestoftheworldwascutoffandtheChineseeconomywasvirtuallyruined,anewpolicy,namelytheOpenandReformpolicywascarriedout.Manyexpertswereoptimisticthattheeconomywouldsoonberecoveredandclimbtoapeak,whichisnowthecasemerelythirtyyearslater,becausehistoricexperienceindicatedthatwhenthesocialpolicywasopen-mindedandthereweremanychannelstocommunicatewiththeworld,thesocialpolicyeconomywouldboom.TangDynasty,theclimaxofChineseDynastiesinmorethan2,000years,couldbeaperfectexampleinthiscase.)IELTSWRITING后果1：个人学历史，个人了解现在为将来做怎样的准备Historyenablesindividualstoknowhowtopreparefortheirfuturecareers.(Thestoriesofquiteafewsocialelites,includingConfuciusandGeorgeWashingtion,havenumerousreaders,thevastmajorityofwhomhavebeenstimulatedtoworkhardforthepersonalsuccess.Itistruethateachindividualhashisowncharacteristicandgrowingenvionment.However,tofindasuitablerolemodelshouldnotbetodifficult,becauseatleastthereweresomanyheroesandheroinesinChineseandworldhistory.)IELTSWRITING后果6：反驳历史无用Somepeoplemightholdtheviewthathistoryisnousetousbecausethehistoriceventwouldnotnecessarilyhappentoday.However,thegreatfunctionofhistoryistoanalyzeacurrentsituation,whenitisnotnecessarytoknowiftherewasanexactlysimilareventinhistory.(Forexample,toinvestinthestockmarket,onehastoreviewthehistoricrecordsinthepastyears.Althoughhistorywouldnotnecessarilyreoccur,itdoestellhimthepossibilityofpotentialchanges,whichisessentialforthejudgment.Therefore,ratherthantotallyrelyingonhistory,peopleshouldusehistoryasamirrortoreachsomeconclusionsforcurrentissues.)IELTSWRITING2).外部涉及人员和机构事件的内部参与者以外的事物（系统）在经历了该事件以后所发生的变化：系统包括：全社会，全世界，全球经济，自然，环境，传统文化，家庭等。富国帮助穷国可能会对整个世界经济有影响。系统包括：全社会(society)全世界(world)全球经济(world/globaleconomy)自然环境(natureandenvironment)传统文化(traditionalculture)家庭(family)国际地位（internationalreputation/status)IELTSWRITINGIELTSWRITING1.Nowadays,manyrichcountriesofferhelptopoorcountries.Doyouthinkitsdisadvantagesoutweighadvantages?2.Freecare？3.Tourism？4.Detaileddescriptionofcrime?5.Unpaidjob?IELTSWRITING3).分情况:事件的参与者或参与者之外的事物在不同情况下所发生的变化：事件发生的条件不同，后果也不同。Canwebelievethenewsstoriespresentedbyjournalists?分情况：可以根据新闻来源分类，如果是大新闻社的新闻，可以相信；如果是名誉不好notorious的新闻社，一般不相信；可以按照新闻内容分：在中国，一般政经新闻不会有假新闻，而对于文体新闻，多见假新闻。穷国富国：如果富国帮助穷国时没有政治条件，穷国才能得到真正好处。IELTSWRITING1.Nowadays,manyrichcountriesofferhelptopoorcountries.Doyouthinkitsdisadvantagesoutweighadvantages?2.Tellthetruthinanyrelations?3.Unpaidworkornot?(C3-74-164)IELTSWRITING4).看本质:事物的特殊属性必然导致某个结果。Inmanycountries,theproportionofolderpeopleissteadilyincreasing.Doesthistrendmakepositiveornegativeeffectstothesociety?或者：Shouldoldpeoplebeforcedtoretireatacertainage?IELTSWRITING1.广告2.媒体3.车和飞机4.女性是否应该允许参军？5.女性当领导是否更和平？6.老人数量增加带来的问题？7.15岁少年增加的问题？8.退休年龄是olderoryounger?IELTSWRITING5).看成本:如果一件事物有好的结果，可以考虑成本低或者成本合理；如果一件事物有不好的后果，可以考虑成本高。IELTSWRITING1.Museumorlibraryandcomputer?2.Ourterspaceresearch?3.Artisticprojects?IELTSWRITING6).主体分开看待Shouldoldbuildingbepulleddown?上面的分论点常用的思维方式得到的分论点往往可以用下面的句型表达。1.A---(a,b,c…)直接结果….(a’,b’,c’)间接结果1)名词+动词+名词+补足语“导致”含义的动词：Acause/stimulate/help/enable/force(a,b,c…)todo….“带来”含义的动词：Abringnegative/positiveeffectson(a,b,c…)“提供”含义的动词：Acanprovide(a,b,c…)with…Amakegreatprogressinsupplying(a,b,c…)with2)名词+动词或动词词组+名词”导致“含义的动词：Aresultin/leadto….(a,b,c)“意味”含义的动词：Amean….(a,b,c)Ameanthat….(a,b,c)“使动”含义的动词：Acanendanger/increase/vastlyimprove…3)名词+联系动词+表语Amightbeanopportunity/beneficialfor….(a,b,c)todo….Amightbedangerousforatodo….4)形式主语Itisdangerous/beneficialfor….(a,b,c)todoA.5)从句、介词短语ByA,….(a,b,c)Duringtheprocessof……Becauseof……6)前面的五种基本句型的基础上，都可以加上观点的持有者。Somepeoplearereallyconcernedabout….Somepeopleareafraidof….Somepeoplefeelupsetat…Imaintainthat….Itseemstome….Theopponents/proponentsofthis…holdtheviewthat…Theargumentproposedbytheopponents/proponentsofthisviewis