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AttributiveclausesWhatisattributive?•Alovelygirl•Somethingnew•theboyinwhite•1.Thegirl_______issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt__________Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel__________youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_______brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/thatwho/whom•AttributiveClause（定语从句）•概念•在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why注意：1关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分。2当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略，当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的，关系代词也可省略。3定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。4定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。5非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略。关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语关系词的作用：1、连接作用把主句和从句连接起来2、替代作用在从句中代替在它前面的先行词3、成分作用在从句中充当一个成分例1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.which/that__________YeXinisanursediedinthefightagainstSARS.anurse/dieinthefightagainstSARSwho/that•Itusedtobeasmalltown.Itisnolongerasmalltown.•=Itisnolongerthesmalltownthatitusedtobe.(作表语）•Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.{•Whichwomanisateacher?•Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.1.TheboysarefromGradeone.Theboysareplayingbasketball.TheboysarefromGradeOne.who/thatareplayingbasketballTheboyswho/thatarefromGradeoneareplayingbasketball.2.Thenurseiskind.Thenurselooksaftermysister.Thenurseiskind.who/thatlooksaftermysister3.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”.TheplaywaswrittenbyLaoShe.Wewatchedtheplay“teahouse”which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.4.Theyoungmanisafamouswriter.Yousawtheyoungmanyesterday.Theyoungmanisafamouswriter.whom/who/thatyousawyesterday5.Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.Thisisthehousewhich/thatLuXunoncelivedin.6.Whereisthegirl?YoutalkedwithherlastSunday.Whereisthegirlwho/whom/thatyoutalkedwithlastSunday?关系代词的用法：一、由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句。who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom/whichThisisthemanwhohelpedme.ThedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheRoom2EMrKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wasquicklytakentohospital.MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.HerWeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing,whosestoryIhavetoldyou.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.herWhichhouseismine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。Thehouseismine.whoseroofisbrownMyhouseIknowthedoctor.Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.Iknowthedoctorwhosedaughterstudiesabroad.Haveyouseenmybook?Thebook’scoverisred.Haveyouseenmybookwhosecoverisred.whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。指人时可用ofwhom.Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?→DoyouknowthemanthenameofwhomisWangYu?Marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred.→Marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhichisred.Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman____husbanddiedinthataccident.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB•Who特殊情况•先行词是all,everyone,one,ones,anyone且做主语时用who.•Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.•Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.•Everybodywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere.•先行词是those时，用who.•Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignup•here.注意：①whom,which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.=Thisisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.•1.Haveyoueverreadthebook_______therearemanypictures?•2.Theman_____________hehadatalkyesterdayisadoctor.•3.Thegentleman______________youjustspokeisourheadmaster.•4.Thisisthenewbicycle___________Ispentfivehundreddollars.•5.Herearethetabletennisplayers,some_______areouroldfriends.•Theschoolhas2600students,twothirds____________aregirls.inwhich三、由that引导的定语从句。that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语.但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。Thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy.(×)Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy.(√)Thisistheschool(which/that)youwillstudyin.(√)★注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。⑴先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth.⑵先行词被序数词、thelast或形容词的最高级所修饰。ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.⑶先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.⑷先行词被theonly,thevery修饰。ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.⑸先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.⑹当句中已有who或which时，为避免重复。WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?⑺如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which，则另一个用that.Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen.6.当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况:that,inwhich或不填。Idon’tlikethewayyoutalkedtoyourmother.（choosetheonethatisnotproperforthisbl