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二轮语法复习之并列句与状语从句并列句定义：两个或两个以上平等关系的简单句连接在一起构成的句子叫并列句。形式：用分号：Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.用分号，后跟一个副词：Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.用并列连词:如and、but、so、yet等…Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.并列连词的分类：1.表并列常用的连词:and,both…and,notonly…but(also),neither…nor…Keepyourfacetothesunshineandyoucannotseeyourshadow.表示选择：or,otherwise,orelse,either...orDon’tmakeyourselfamouse,orthecatwilleatyou.妄自菲薄，自取其辱。表示转折/对比：but,yet,not...but...,while*Thespiritiswilling,butthefleshisweak.*别人活着为了吃而我吃是为了活。表示因果：for，soFacethepastbravely,soitwon’tdisturbthepresent.注意：某些副词或短语也可构成并列句，但句子间应该有分号或者并列连词。这样的副词有：however，otherwise，therefore，thus,besides,then,instead,consequently;meanwhile,asaresult,inaddition,what’smore,状语从句时间状语从句1.when可以翻译为“正在这时”，表示某件事刚要/正在/刚刚发生时，发生另一动作：Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.2.while表示主句动作发生在从句动作过程中。趁热打铁。3.as通常强调主句与从句动作同时进行。可以翻译为“一边。。。一边。。。他边招手边站了起来。4.until与否定词连用，翻译为直到。。。才。。。；单独使用，表示某个动作一直持续到某个时刻才停止。*Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.*Keepstrugglingfordreamsuntilltheworldcomestoanend.5.once翻译为一旦。。。；一。。。就。。Onceyouknowaboutrules,allwillbesmooth.6.wheneverWheneverit’scloudy,onemayfeeldepressed.7.assoonas，immediately，directly，instantly，themoment，theminute，thesecond，theinstant，nosooner...than...，hardly/...when...均可翻译为“一。。。就。。。”*Youbecomeawinnerthemomentyoubelieveyoucanwin.*Theboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.7.before(1)表达“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；还没来得及”Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.(2)It+be+一段时间+before……Itwillbealongtimebeforethecountryrecoversfromthedisaster.8.since的用法(1)since从句的时态是一般过去时，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。IhavewrittenhomefourtimessinceIcamehere.(2)在“Itis＋一段时间＋since从句”句型中，其句意取决于从句的谓语动词是否可延续。*Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.ItisthreeyearssinceIsmokedacigar.9.everytime，eachtime，nexttime，thefirsttime，anytime，等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble，hewouldcometohelpmeout.地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。*Wherethere'sawill，there'saway.*Faultsarethickwhereloveisthin.条件状语从句（1）if既可引导“真实条件句”，也可引导“非真实条件句”。unless(＝if...not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。*Pastexperience,ifnotforgotten,isaguideforthefuture.*Amancan'trideyourbackunlessit'sbent.(2)oncondition(that)；providing(that)(假若；倘使)；supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。*Supposingyouintendtoapologize,pleaseshowyoursincerity.*Youmayleaveonconditionthatyoutellmethesecret.(3)as/solongasincase(that)*Oneisnotoldsolongasregretsdon’ttaketheplaceofdreams.*Incaseyouneedsomething,pleasedon'thesitatetoletmeknow.(4)Whatif….若是你失败了，又该怎么办呢？让步状语从句其连接词可分为四组：1.as/though/although/while注意：1.though引导的从句可以倒装也可不用倒装;但“as”必须倒装。Childthoughheis,heknowsmuch.2.均不与”but”连用，但可以与still一起使用。2.evenif/eventhough*Evenifitisafinenight,youcan’tseethestarsinthecity.3.whether…or…;nomatter+what/how/when/who/where…;*Whetheryoubelieveitornot，Ido.*Nomatterhowimpossibleitmayseem,it’sworthtrying.4.whatever/whoever/wherever/whenever/however….*Whateveryoudo,dowithallyourstrength.*Whereveryougo,I’llberightherewaitingforyou.方式状语从句as/justas*入乡随俗。*Youcanbeasbig,oraslittle,asyouwishtobe.asif/asthoughIplayeverygameasifitismylast.注意：可以使用虚拟语气，表示非真实的，或可能性较小的事情。Liveasifyouweretodietomorrow.Learnasifyouweretoliveforever.asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒结果状语从句sothatHewascarelessandcasualsothathelostagoodopportunity.so…that/such…that*Shewassoparticularwithothersthatnonewouldgetclosetoher.*It’ssuchanimpressiveexperiencethatwewillkeepitinmindforever.目的状语从句sothat/inorderthat注意：从句谓语动词通常与情态动词连用。*Sparenoeffortssothatregretsmaynotholdusinthefuture.*Inorderthatwecan’tbereplaced,wemustlearntobedifferent.原因状语从句because/as*Youwinbecauseyouthinkyoucan.sincenowthat*Nowthatanopportunityarises,you’dbettermakegooduseofit.比较状语从句as...as...，notso...as，比较级...than…*Dyingisasnaturalasliving.*Falsefriendsareworsethanbitterenemies.