辽宁省英语第39讲阅读理解在近3年辽宁各地市的中考试题中,阅读理解大多数地方均为4篇,在形式上以选择型(4选1)为主要类型,并且大部分地区都会涉及一定量的图画或表格,以增强试题的趣味性。各地话题涉及广泛,文体以记叙文和说明文为主,少量涉及议论文,词数均在200左右。记叙文的话题以故事类为主,包括教育故事、情感故事、哲理故事等,以道德教育为目的,每年至少有2篇涉及该话题,约占阅读理解所有考查话题的50%。预计2016年仍会涉及该话题。广告图表类阅读理解的考查约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%。这类话题一方面增加了试题的趣味性,另一方面贴近生活实际,能教会学生一些英语在生活中的运用。分析近三年辽宁试题可知,广告图表类涉及较多的是3~4组不同的小广告或图表组合,也会偶尔涉及某一个海报或某一则信息,所涉及的内容多贴近人们的社会生活,或是一些奇闻轶事。预计2016年仍会涉及该形式。说明文以介绍类为主,包括饮食健康、咨询建议、文化风俗、科普知识、社会热点、人物介绍、广告信息等,内容涉及广泛,以了解知识为目的。每年中考试题中至少有1篇涉及该话题,约占阅读理解所有考查话题的25%。预计2016年仍会涉及该话题。中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看,短文体裁多样,题材各异,文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面,充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和判断正误题。做阅读理解练习应先看问题,弄清考点。在阅读短文之前,快速浏览问题,以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数,快速、准确地捕捉所需信息。其次要注意先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序,应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题,因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案,而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解,再作判断。(一)主旨概括题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时,应通读全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开,主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。主旨大意题主要的设问方式有:①What'sthemainideaofthispassage?②Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?③Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?④Thewritermeanstotellusthat________.⑤Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.⑥Thepassageismainlyabout________.⑦Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat________.⑧Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith________.⑨What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?⑩Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?⑪Thebesttitleforthepassageis________.(二)细节理解题细节题是用来进一步表达主题,体现中心思想的,往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时,应快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、数字等,阅读时要有针对性。细节理解类题目常见的设问方式有:①Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?②Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?③Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.④Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept________.⑤Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof...?⑥Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthemainfeatureof...?【例1】(2015,辽阳)ItwasSunday.Ihadonelastpatienttosee.Ireachedherroominahurryandstoodatthedoorway.Shewasanoldwoman,sittinginthechair,tryingtoputsocksonherfeet.Ispokequicklytothenurseandhadalookatherchartnoting(病历表).Istoodlookingdownather.“Couldyouhelpmetoputonmysocks?”sheasked.Ididn'tanswer,butIsaidsomethinglikethis,“Howareyoufeeling?Yoursugarandbloodpressurewerehighbuttheyarebettertoday.Thenursementionedyouareanxious(渴望的)toseeyoursonwho'svisitingyoutoday.It'snicetohaveafamilyvisitfromfaraway.Ithinkyoureallylookforwardtoseeinghim.”Shestoppedmewithaseriousvoice,“Sitdown,doctor.Thisismystory,notyourstory.”Iwassurprisedandembarrassed(尴尬的).Isatdown.Ihelpedherwiththesocks.Shebegantotellmethatheronlysonlivedaroundthecornerfromher,butshehadn'tseenhimforfiveyears.Shebelievedthatthestresscausedherhealthproblems.Afterhearingherstoryandputtingonhersocks,IaskediftherewasanythingelseIcoulddoforher.Sheshookherheadandsmiled.Allshewantedmetodowastolisten.IoftenthoughtofwhatthewomantaughtmeandIremindedmyselfoftheimportanceofstopping,sittingandlistening.Thestorytellershouldbelistenedto—withoutinterruption.Ibelieveinthepoweroflistening.Iknowthathealing(康复)takesplacewhensomeonestops,sitsdownandlistens.【文章大意】本文通过讲述一位医生与一名患者之间的经历,让人懂得倾听是一剂良药。1.Theoldwomanwasmy________.A.doctorB.friendC.patientD.nurse【解析】细节理解题。从第一段第二句Ihadonelastpatienttosee.和第四句Shewasanoldwoman.可知,这位老人是我的病人。答案:__C__2.I________theoldwomanwhenIsawheratfirst.A.didn'tlistentoB.carefullylookedoverC.knewalotaboutD.offeredhelpto【解析】细节理解题。从第三段开始Shestoppedmewithaseriousvoice,“Sitdown,doctor.Thisismystory,notyourstory.”可知,起初医生只顾自己夸夸其谈,而没有倾听患者的心声,引起了患者的不满。答案:__A__3.Theoldwomanliveda(n)________life.A.fantasticB.easyC.happyD.lonely【解析】推理判断题。从第二段中Thenursementionedyouareanxioustoseeyoursonwho‘svisitingyoutoday.可知,她急切地想见到儿子。另外从第三段中Shebegantotellmethatheronlysonlivedaroundthecornerfromher,butshehadn’tseenhimforfiveyears.可知,她五年没见到自己的儿子。所以她过的是一种很孤单的生活。答案:__D__4.Theunderlinedword“interruption”means________.A.打动B.打岔C.打乱D.打击【解析】猜测词义题。根据倒数第二段最后一句:Thestorytellershouldbelistenedto—withoutinterruption.可知,讲述者应该被倾听,不应被打断、打扰。答案:__B__5.Whichisthebesttitle(题目)ofthepassage?________.A.WeshouldbethankfultoothersB.TherealmeaningofloveC.ListeningispowerfulmedicineD.Helpingothersisnecessary【解析】主旨大意题。通过文章中医患之间的对话可知,作者希望人们之间多一些倾听,因此C项最恰当。另外,其他三个选项的主题分别是感恩、爱和助人,和主题不符,因此排除。答案:__C__Ifyouarehungry,whatdoyoudo?Getyourfavoritemealandstayquietafterthat?Justlikeyourstomach,yourmindishungry,too.Butitneverletsyouknow,becauseit'sbusythinkingaboutyourdreamlover,favoritestarandmanysuchthings.Soyourbrainjustpaysattentiontoyourneedsandneverletsitselfgrow.Whenyourmindstopsgrowing,yourcreativity(创造力)stops,too.Thisiswhyweallsometimesthink“Whathappensnext?”,“Whycan'tIthink?”,“WhyamIalwaysgiventhedifficultproblems?”Well,thisisbecausewealwaysuseourbrainformeaningless(无意义的)things.Hungerofthemindcanbeactuallysatiated(满足)throughreading.Becausereadinghasbeenthemosteducative(教育的)toolusedbyusfromthechildhood.Youhavealargenumberofbooks,theywillanswerallyour“Howto?”questions.Whenyoureadabook,youjustdon'trunyoureyesthroughthelines,butevenyourmindexplainsittoyou.Theinterestingpartofthebookisalwaysstoredinyourmind.Themorebooksyouread,thewideryourmindwillopenup.Also,thisimprovesyourcreativity.Actually,Iusedtohavetroublei