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Botany植物学Celltheory细胞学说cellmembrane细胞膜nucleus细胞核Organelle细胞器cellwall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cellcycle细胞周期mitochondrion线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unitmembrane单位膜chloroplast叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclearfission核分裂reproduction繁殖primarywall初生壁secondarywall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollentube花粉管porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮lifehistory生活史rootsystem根系mainroot主根lateralroot侧根taprootsystem直根系fibrousrootsystem须根系cortex皮层vascularcylinder维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylemray木射线vascularray维管射线phloemray韧皮射线rootcap根冠Casparianstrip凯氏带primaryxylem初生木质部primaryphloem初生韧皮部vascularray维管射线xylemray木射线phelloderm栓内层phloemray韧皮射线embryo胚homologousorgan同源器官analogousorgan同功器官endosperm胚乳seedcoat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seedgermination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-greenalgae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinoussheath胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexualcell异性细胞greenalgae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy异配生殖anisogamy卵式生殖zygogamy接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体carposporophyte孢子体brownalgae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科vascularplants微管植物aquaticplant水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmicreticulum内质网vegetativereproduction营养繁殖intercellularlayer胞间层phellogen&corkcambium木栓形成层asexualreproduction无性繁殖sexualpropagation有性繁殖tetradynamousstamen四强雄蕊didynamousstamen二强雄蕊monodelphousstamen单体雄蕊diadelphousstamen二体雄蕊triadelphousstamen三体雄蕊polyadelphousstamens多体雄蕊synantherousstamen聚药雄蕊primarywallcells初生壁细胞vegetativecell营养细胞malesterility雄性不育filiformapparatus丝状器meristemzone分生区elongationzone伸长区maturationzone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物specificparasitism专性寄生specificsaprophyte专性腐生facultativeparasitism兼性寄生facultativesaprophyte兼性腐生sexualgeneration有性世代asexualgeneration无性世代Zoology动物学cell细胞prokaryoticcell原核细胞eukaryoticcell真核细胞protein蛋白质nucleicacid核酸carbohydrate糖lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物cellcycle细胞周期pulmonaryalveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛foodvacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contractionsilk收缩丝merogenesis卵裂blastocoele囊胚腔completecleavage完全卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radialsymmetry辐射对称nervenet神经网planula浮浪幼虫bilateralsymmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubulecell管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum腹吸盘oralsucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜cloacalpore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管restingegg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象senseorgan感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismaticlayer壳层nacreouslayer珍珠层veliger面盘幼虫glochidium钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linearanimal线形动物pericardialcavity围心腔cervicalvertebra颈椎sacralvertebra荐椎pulmonaryvein肺静脉precavalvein前腔静脉bladder气囊middleear中耳tympanumcavity中耳腔amnion羊膜neopallium新皮层lagena瓶状囊wishbone叉骨postcavalvein后腔静脉glandularstomach腺胃airsac气囊saltgland盐腺scleroticring巩膜骨viviparity胎生placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃bursaoffabricius腔上囊masticatorystomach肌胃reticulum网胃omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗earthworm蚯蚓internalnaris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物cellmembrane&plasmamembrane细胞膜epithelialtissue上皮组织connectivetissue结缔组织cartilagetissue软骨组织osseoustissue骨组织musculartissue肌肉组织cardiacmuscle心肌intercalateddisc闰盘Nissl'sbody尼氏小体colony&group群体meroblasticcleavage不完全卵裂colonialtheory群体说gastrovascularcavity消化循环腔musclesystem肌肉体系excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统digestivesystem消化系统archinephricduct原肾管basallamina&basalmembrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精finalhost终寄主firstintermidatehost第一中间寄主semicircularcanal半规管secondintermediatehost第二中间寄主Genetics遗传学heredity遗传variation变异gene基因pisumsativum豌豆segregation分离gamete生殖细胞zygote合子allele等位基因genotype基因型phenotype表现型testcross测交oryzasativa水稻diploid二倍体haploid单倍体centromere着丝粒satellite随体linker连丝mitosis有丝分裂mesoblast中胚层spindle纺锤体interphase间期spindlefiber纺锤丝viciafaba蚕豆nucleoplasm核质spermatogenous精原细胞oogonium卵原细胞spermatid精细胞Phenocopy拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型gameticlethal配子致死zygoticlethal合子致死autosome常染色体dominantlethal显性致死carrier携带者homozygote纯合体heterozygote杂合体genotype基因型phenotype表现型linkagegroup连锁群interference干涉coincidence并发率geneticmap遗传学图wildtype野生型mutation突变heterokaryon异核体auxotroph营养缺陷型strain菌株recipient受体donor供体fragment片段induction诱导prophage原噬菌体transduction转导Mendel’slaws孟德尔定律lawofsegregation分离定律firstfilialgeneration子一代parentalgeneration亲代dominantcharacter显性性状recessivecharacter隐性性状hereditarydeterminant遗传因子parentalcombination亲组合recombination重组合punnettsquare棋盘法Mendeliancharacter孟德尔性状primaryconstriction初级缢痕secondaryconstriction次级缢痕nucleolarorganizer核仁形成区firstpolarbody第一极体secondpolarbody第二极体sisterchromatids姐妹染色单体femalegameticnucleus卵核multiplealleles复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体sex-linkedinheritance伴性遗传primaryconstriction初级缢痕secondaryconstriction次级缢痕complementarygene互补基因homologouschromosome同源染色体sisterchromatids姐妹染色单体secondaryoocyte次级卵母细胞three-po