流程能力-1-CapabilityStudy流程能力研究流程能力-2-DefineMeasureAnalyzeImproveControlStep4-确定项目Y’sStep5-确认Y的现水准Step6-发掘潜在的原因变量(X)基础统计学Minitab简介测量系统分析Y的表现水平及目标确定改进目标路径位置流程能力-3-目录流程能力介绍计数型流程能力计量型流程能力流程能力指数短期/长期流程能力分析流程能力练习流程能力-4-2308,537366,80746,210523363.4sPPM流程能力每百万机会的缺陷数流程能力介绍流程能力-5-当我们继续收集该流程的数据时,我们会有如下疑问:“这个流程有能力不产生不良吗?”要求数据收集分析.“流程能力研究”USLLSL流程能力是?流程在管理状态时所表现出的产品或服务的品质变动程度流程能力-6-流程能力研究研究流程的能力-流程可以充分满足目标吗?-流程是处于可接受的散布水平吗?使用可能的工具-流程能力分析主要考虑事项-要求流程是在可控制状态.-合理的子群(RationalSubgroup)最终结果物-明确反映当前Process的短期及长期流程能力的报告书流程能力-7-什么导致缺陷?额外的散布源于:制造流程和测量系统供给的材料散布不合理的过窄的规格(为了强化的设计,比顾客的要求更窄)不适当的设计容限不稳定的部件和材料不充分的流程能力流程能力-8-LSLUSL不良流程能力多少材料脱离了规格?短期的/长期的?不适当的设计容限不适当的流程能力供应材料的散布不适当的测量能力流程能力解剖流程能力-9-流程能力路径你的数据是什么类型的计量型记数型从流程里收集数据从流程里收集数据用Minitab分析数据用Excel分析数据流程能力表述DPU,PPMCp,Cpk,Pp,Ppk流程能力表述DPU,PPM流程能力-10-“缺陷”(x≥4)1234567错误数“缺陷”(x130Min)“无缺陷”(x130Min)15110115120125130135140装配时间(Min)“无缺陷”(x≤3)顾客的要求顾客的要求记数型计量型数据分类流程能力-11-寻找计量型数据太难了!!!计数值流程能力流程能力-12-计算产品的σ-水平计算单位产品缺陷数(DPU):生产的产品总数缺陷总数=DPU翻到Sigma表,然后估计Sigma水平计算每百万机会的缺陷数(DPMO):000,000,1/=DPMOx单位产品机会单位产品缺陷数流程能力-13-示例翻到Sigma表,然后估计Sigma水平4.67Sigma计算单位产品缺陷数(DPU):清洁器个缺陷/3=DPU计算每百万机会的缺陷数(DPMO):ppmx750000,000,1/4000DPU3=DPMO冰箱机会或=normsinv(1-750/1000000)+1.5流程能力-14-记数型Sigma计算器研究的对象:清洁器产品数10缺陷机会/单位产品10缺陷数4DPU0.4DPMO40000SIGMA(包括移动)3.25流程能力的工具-记数型AttributeSigmaCalculator.XLS或=normsinv(1-40000/1000000)+1.5流程能力-15-记数型练习:制造部门#1不良的洗衣机工厂刚生产完一批共40,000台洗衣机,其中发现100台洗衣机有缺陷。#2不良性批号在3月份,有12,412台A型电机被组装到干燥机中,每台电机有3个被正确制造的机会(分别是功率、振动和总重)。在本月中,发现了200个不良发生。#3不良性批量工厂刚生产出一批共400台冰箱(每台冰箱有134个部件)。在生产中,发现了12,312个不良(错组装或损坏)部件。DPU=0.0025DPMO=2500Sigma=4.31DPU=0.0161DPMO=5371Sigma=4.05DPU=30.078DPMO=229,701Sigma=2.24DPU,DPMO,和Sigma是多少?流程能力-16-记数型练习:非制造部门#1有缺陷的购买定单在3月中,共有764份购买定单交付,其中321份有缺陷。#2迟到的出货在2000年,共出货42,100批更换部件,其中有4,100批晚到#3不正确购买单据在3月份,交付了764份购买单据,每份单据要填8处信息,共发现1234处不正确信息。DPU=0.4202DPMO=420,157Sigma=1.70DPU=0.0974DPMO=97,387Sigma=2.80DPU=1.615DPMO=201,897Sigma=2.33流程能力-17-计量型数据等于....力量!!计量值流程能力流程能力-18-一般形式:这个变换产生的值来自一个平均值=0和σ=1的分布。这个值以标准偏差为单位显示了原来的数值离平均值有多远。例如,如果Z=2,说明问题中的数值偏离平均值2个标准偏差用这种方法,我们能在那个产品的输出平均值和σ的基础上计算产品脱离规格的比例。Z-变换s)x-(x=Z流程能力-19-估计不良率为了估计流程的良品率,我们用规格下限(LSL)和规格上限(USL)替代xs)x-(SL=ZZ=(x-x)s这个结果将告诉我们流程的平均值以sigma为单位离规格限有多远流程能力-20-ssssssAvg平均=50标准偏差=10正态分布-3-2-1123Z流程能力-21-Z值SLSLz=———s2.5s=————s=2.5ssssssssssss流程能力-22-尾部面积是多少?sssssssssssSL2.5我们从Z表获得尾部的面积...…或者我们可以使用Minitab!流程能力-23-sssssssssssZ表ZTable-TailAreaProbability0.000.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.00.500000.496010.492020.488030.484050.480060.476080.472100.468120.464140.10.460170.456200.452240.448280.444330.440380.436440.432510.428580.424650.20.420740.416830.412940.409050.405170.401290.397430.393580.389740.385910.30.382090.378280.374480.370700.366930.363170.359420.355690.351970.348270.40.344580.340900.337240.333600.329970.326360.322760.319180.315610.312070.50.308540.305030.301530.298060.294600.291160.287740.284340.280960.277600.60.274250.270930.267630.264350.261090.257850.254630.251430.248250.245100.70.241960.238850.235760.232700.229650.226630.223630.220650.217700.214760.80.211860.208970.206110.203270.200450.197660.194890.192150.189430.186730.90.184060.181410.178790.176190.173610.171060.168530.166020.163540.161091.00.158660.156250.153860.151510.149170.146860.144570.142310.140070.137861.10.135670.133500.131360.129240.127140.125070.123020.121000.119000.117021.20.115070.113140.111230.109350.107490.105650.103830.102040.100270.098531.30.096800.095100.093420.091760.090120.088510.086920.085340.083790.082261.40.080760.079270.077800.076360.074930.073530.072150.070780.069440.068111.50.066810.065520.064260.063010.061780.060570.059380.058210.057050.055921.60.054800.053700.052620.051550.050500.049470.048460.047460.046480.045511.70.044570.043630.042720.041820.040930.040060.039200.038360.037540.036731.80.035930.035150.034380.033620.032880.032160.031440.030740.030050.029381.90.028720.028070.027430.026800.026190.025590.025000.024420.023850.023302.00.022750.022220.021690.021180.020680.020180.019700.019230.018760.018312.10.017860.017430.017000.016590.016180.015780.015390.015000.014630.014262.20.013900.013550.013210.012870.012550.012220.011910.011600.011300.011012.30.010720.010440.010170.009900.009640.009390.009140.008890.008660.008422.40.008200.007980.007760.007550.007340.007140.006950.006760.006570.006392.50.006210.006040.005870.005700.005540.005390.005230.005080.004940.004802.60.004660.004530.004400.004270.004150.004020.003910.003790.003680.003572.70.003470.003360.003260.003170.003070.002980.002890.002800.002720.002642.80.002560.002480.002400.002330.002260.002190.002120.002050.001990.001932.90.001870.001810.001750.001690.001640.001590.001540.001490.001440.001393.00.001350.001310.001260.001220.001180.001140.001110.001070.001040.001003.10.000970.000940.000900.000870.000840.000820.000790.000760.000740.000713.20.000690.000660.000640.000620.000600.000580.000560.000540.000520.000503.30.000480.000470.000450.000430.000420.000400.000390.000380.000360.000353.40.000340.000320.