中国氢燃料电池技术

国际氢能燃料电池技术及汽车发展研讨会INTERNATIONALHYDROGENFUEL-CELLTECHNOLOGYANDVEHICLEDEVELOPMENTFORUM中国氢燃料电池技术OverviewofChina’sFuelcellsTechnologies郑方能(ZHENGFangNeng)中国科学技术部MinistryofScienceandTechnologyofChina2010-9-21上海(Shanghai)1内容Outline：•氢能国家战略Nationalstrategyofhydrogenenergy•制氢与储氢Hydrogenproduction&storage•燃料电池Fuelcells•汽车能源及动力转型Automotiveenergy&powertransformation2国家战略NationalstrategyEconomygrowthEnvironmentalprotectionEnergydemandDevelopingLow-carboneconomySaveenergyRenewableenergyFossilfuelNuclearipower3氢能是我国未来能源发展战略的重要方向《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》（2006-2020）NationalProgramforLong-andMedium-TermScientificandTechnologicalDevelopment(2006-2020)‡前沿技术－先进能源技术：氢作为可从多种途径获取的理想能源载体，将为能源的清洁利用带来新的变革；具有清洁、灵活特征的燃料电池动力和分布式供能系统，将为终端能源利用提供新的重要形式‡Cutting-edgetechnology–Advancedenergytechnology:Hydrogen,asidealenergycarrier,willrevolutionarilybringaboutcleanenergyutilization.Thegreen,smartfuelcellpoweranddistributedenergy-supplysystemswillprovidenewimportantwayforterminalenergyuse.Hydrogenenergy–importantR&DdirectioninChineseenergystrategy44氢能是我国未来能源发展战略的重要方向‡重点开发规模化的氢能利用和分布式供能系统，重点研究高效低成本的化石能源和可再生能源制氢技术，经济高效氢储存和输配技术，燃料电池基础关键部件制备和电堆集成技术，燃料电池发电及车用动力系统集成技术，形成氢能和燃料电池技术规范与标准‡Large-scalehydrogenapplicationanddistributedenergy-supplysystem;Efficientandlow-costtechnologiesforhydrogenproductionfromfossilfuelsandrenewableenergyandforhydrogenstorageanddelivery;Techniquesforthepreparationofthekeycomponentsoffuelcellsandtheassemblyofstack;Techniquesforelectricitygenerationfromfuelcellsandassemblyofautomotivepowersystem;Technicalspecificationsandcriterionforhydrogenenergyandfuelcells.Hydrogenenergy–importantR&DdirectioninChineseenergystrategy55z可从多种途径获得，有利于能源多元化Obtainfromvariousroutes&benefitenergydiversityz氢的生产便于实现CO2的集中处理，在使用中通过燃料电池可高效地将氢转化为电和热，同时可实现近零排放Efficientlyconverthydrogenintoelectricityandheat,withoutemission发展氢能及燃料电池技术将为我国能源多样化和减轻环境发展氢能及燃料电池技术将为我国能源多样化和减轻环境污染提供新的机遇和可选方案污染提供新的机遇和可选方案Hydrogenenergy&fuelcellsHydrogenenergy&fuelcells——optiontodiversifyenergyresourceandmitigatepollutioninChoptiontodiversifyenergyresourceandmitigatepollutioninChinainaz氢能被认为是连接化石能源向可再生能源过渡的重要桥梁，实现能源可持续供给和循环的重要能源载体之一Hydrogenenergy:thebridgefromfossilfueltorenewableenergy,thecarrierforsustainableenergysupplyandcyclez氢能使命:近中期摆脱对石油资源的过渡依赖以实现化石资源的清洁利用和CO2减排；远期过渡到氢经济，解决能源与环境的问题Hydrogenenergymission:innear-to-mediumterm,releaseoildependence,realizecleanutilizationoffossilfuel,andlowerCO2emission;inlongterm,transfertohydrogeneconomyandsolvetheenergy&environmentalissues.66氢能及燃料电池总体技术发展趋势z制氢是基础Hydrogenproduction—thebasis‡高效、低成本现场制氢技术是建立加氢站和提供分散氢源的重要需求‡实现CO2近零排放的先进的规模制氢技术是未来发展重点‡从更长远角度考虑，以可再生能源制氢是根本出路Production:efficient,low-cost,zeroCO2emission,userenewableenergyz储氢和输氢是关键Hydrogenstorageanddelivery—thekey‡储氢系统的重量储氢率、体积储氢率需要提高‡高容量的储氢技术需要原始创新Storage:highgravimetric&volumetriccapacity,innovativemethodz燃料电池是核心Fuelcells—thecore‡燃料电池需要提高可靠性及降低成本Highreliability&lowcost‡新电池材料和新电池组结构需要持续探索Newcellmaterials&structuresz技术集成是途径Techniqueintegration—theapproach‡氢能系统需要面向不同用途，单元技术需要强化技术集成Hydrogenenergysystem:fulfilldifferentapplicationsCelltechnology:improveintegrationTechnologicaltrendsofhydrogenenergyandfuelcells77制氢与储氢Hydrogenproduction&storage8氢气的产量及用途OutputandapplicationofH2中国CN美国US世界World~13,000,000ton年产量Annualyield•合成氨(世界60％、中国80％)NH3synthesis(world60%,China80%)•合成甲醇，石油化工加氢反应Methanolsynthesis,hydrogenationreaction•电子冶金航天(还原和燃料)Electronics,metallurgy,aerospace(reductant&fuel)•氢氧燃料电池(电动汽车、发电厂)H-Ofuelcells(EVs/HEVs&powerplant)•……用途USe~9,000,000ton~41,000,000ton9氢气特点及氢工业现状H2character&hydrogenindustrialstatus†氢是一种重要的化工原料H2:importantchemicals†氢是一种理想的能源转换和储存的载体Hydrogen:idealcarrierforenergyconversion&storage†副产氢气是当前昀适宜的氢能源byproductforH2energy氢气制取H2production化石燃料直接制氢fromfossilfuels电解水制氢H2Oelectrolysis工业副产品industrialbyproduct其它制氢otherroutes化工原料chemical电子工业electronics航天燃料aerospace其它others合成氨NH3synthesis炼油加氢refineryhydrogenation精细化工finechemicals其它化工产品otherchemicals氢利用现状application10上海的氢气资源H2resourceinShanghai(1)上海地区副产氢气总量达55万吨/年，主要来自于化工业及钢铁业的煤气化、焦炉煤气、氯碱化工、石脑油重整等等IndustrialbyproductH2:550,000tonsperyear(2)利用固体废弃物每年可产沼气40亿m3或36万吨氢气4billionm3biogasor360,000tonsH2fromsolidwaste以每辆车耗氢1.2kg/百公里，日行驶百公里计，上海的氢资源可满足约2百万辆燃料电池汽车的用氢。此外，上海电力年产782.7亿度电，峰谷电量仅占50%，峰谷电电价0.30元/度，如用峰谷电制氢，制氢成本成本仅为15元/公斤。H2resourceinShanghaicansupply2millionH2-O2fuelcellvehicles.ThecostofH2productionfromvalleyelectricityis15¥/kg.利用低谷电力制氢，燃料电池汽车的运行费用要低于传统的内燃机汽车。Therunningcostsoffuelcellvehicleswouldbelowerthanthatofthegasolinevehicles.11¾已成功开发出35MPa车载储氢和45MPa站储氢技术35MPacar-load&45MPastationH2storage20Nm3固态储氢系统，重量储氢密度为1.2wt%¾在高密度储氢材料研究方面已取得了重要进展High-capacitymaterialsforH2storage¾已成功开发出系列金属氢化物储氢装置Metalhydride-basedH2-storagedevice45MPa先进储氢技术Advancedhydrogenstoragetechnology碳纤维缠绕铝内胆高压储氢瓶Carbon-fiberH2tank20Nm3solid-statesystemH2densityupto1.2wt%12氢能源基础设施Infrastructureforhydrogenenergy移动加氢站副产氢气提纯装置上海国际汽车城安亭加氢站我国自主研发的首座工业副产氢气提纯装置、移动加氢车和固定加氢站。ThefirstbyproductH2purificationsystemdevelopedinChina,themobileandfixedH2station.ByproductH2purificationmobileH2stationShanghaiInternationalMotorCityAntingH2station13•汽车能源及动力转型Automotiveenergy&powertransfo