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第二讲：冠词主讲：魏训刚高考语法完全突破一.冠词类别形式用法概述不定冠词a表示泛指,意义同one用于以辅音发音开头的单词或字母前an用于以元音发音开头的单词或字母前定冠词the表示特指，其意义同this/that/these/those注意：用a还是用an取决于单词的第一个发音，而不是字母。如:anhour,auniversity1.不定冠词的用法(1)表示初次提到的人或物。如:Aboyiswaitingforyou.Athiefwascaughtbyapolicemanjustnow.(2)表示一类人或物如：Ahorseisananimal.Aknifecanbeusedforcutting.(3)用于某些不可数名词前，表示某种具体的情况或事物。如：Hehasawideknowledgeofhistory.Iwantanice-cream.(一份冰淇淋）(4)用于姓氏前表示不认识的“一个姓…..的人/叫……的人”、“某家庭的成员”、“像……一样的人”或是“某人的作品”。如:AMr.Wang(Gang)calledyou.HisdaughtermarriedaSmith.HeisaLuXun.(5)用于某些固定词组或短语中。如：allofasudden,inaword,inahurry,agreatdealof,atadiscount,manya,ataloss,inasense,atadistance,keepadiary,onceinawhile2.定冠词的用法(1)表示上文提到过的人或事物。如:Isawaboyyesterday.Theboyisverytall.(2)特指双方都明白的人或物。如:Openthedoor,please.Givemethebook.(3)指世上独一无二的事物前或由普通名词组成的专有名词前。如：Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.TheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdomaredevelopedcountries.注意：当前面有形容词修饰时，sun,moon,earth等前也可用a/an.如：apalemoon,aredsun(4)与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物。如:Thehorseisausefulanimal.(5)与复数可数名词连用，表示整个群体。如：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.(该校全体教师）比较：Theyareteachersofthisschool.(部分）(6)用于形容词/副词最高级、序数词前，及形容词only、very、same前。如：Iliveonthesecondfloor.Heisthesameageasyou.(7)用于乐器前。如:Heplaysthepianoverywell.(8)用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇。用于某些形容词前，表示一类人。如：TheSmithsarewatchingTV.Theoldaretakengoodcareof.(9)用于江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉前。如：theYangtzeRiver,thePacificOcean,theTaihangMountains注意：独山的表达方式通常用Mount+名字如：MountTai,MountLao(10)用于by后表示计量单位。如：Thewaitersarepaidbythehour/day.Theseeggsaresoldbythedozen/kilo.(11)代替物主代词，用于表示身体部位的名词前。如：Hecaughtthemanbythearm.Tomhitthethiefintheface.(12)用于某些固定词组或短语中。如：breaktheice,intherain,onthespot,onthecontrary,ontheincrease3.不用冠词（零冠词）的情况(1)在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如：Failureisthemotherofsuccess.Wecannotlivewithoutair.(2)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词时不用冠词。如：Passmethatbook.Theletterisinherbag.Cometoseemeanydaythisweek.(3)复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。如：Horsesareusefulanimals.(4)季节、月份、星期和节日（~Day)名称前不用冠词。如:It’sSundaytoday.Mid-AutumnDayfallsonthe15thdayoftheeighthlunarmonth.注意：theSpringFestival,theMid-AutumnFestival(5)三餐、球类运动、棋、牌类游戏及学科名称前不用冠词。如：Whendoyouhavelunch?Heoftenplaysfootball.Doyoulikeplayingcards/chess?(6)由介词by引导的交通工具名词前不用冠词。如：Wetraveledbytrain.(7)turn表示“变成”时，其后的名词通常不加冠词。如：Hewasafarmerbeforeheturnedwriter.(8)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。特别是表示头衔的名词作补语时。如：Weelectedhimchairmanofthemeeting.ProfessorChen,mayIaskyousomequestions?注意：当表示任某一职务的人时其前可以有冠词。试比较:Hewasmadepresidentoftheclub.ThepresidentofFrancevisitedChinalastweek.(9)两个相同及相对的名词并用时不加冠词。如：facetoface,dayandnight,fatherandson,fromdoortodoor(10)某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词。如:atdawn/daybreak/sunset,atwork,takeplace,bymistake,gototown,indanger,onfoot,inshort,introuble,onearth,onsale,intime,ontime,forexample,inhonorof,lose(one’s)heart,underconstruction注意：(1)一人兼有双重或多重身份时，用一个冠词。如：Thesingerandpoetisgoingtovisitourschool.比较：Thesingerandthepoetaregoingtovisitourschool.(2)两件东西配成一套时，通常用一个冠词。如：aknifeandfork,aneedleandthread,acupandsaucer，awatchandchain4.冠词对意义的影响英语中有一些词组，用不用冠词或用不同的冠词，其含义截然不同。如：inhospital,inthehospitalattable,atthetablegotochurch,gotothechurchonearth,ontheearththreeofus（部分）,thethreeofus（全体）infrontof(在外部前面),inthefrontof（在内部前面）inchargeof(Tom),inthechargeof(Tom)inaway，inthewayinfuture,inthefutureoutofquestion（没问题）,outofthequestion(不可能）amost(很；非常=very),themost（最）athirdtime(再一次）；thethirdtime(第三次）anumberof很多；thenumberof……的数目haveawordwithsb.与某人说句话；havewordswithsb.与某人吵架5.高考真题解析(1)（09安徽）Wecanneverexpect___bluerskyunlesswecreate___lesspollutedworld.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the(2)（09北京）Thebiggestwhaleis___bluewhale,whichgrowstobeabout29meterslong—theheightof____9-storybuilding.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a(3).（09江西）Somepeoplefearthat________airpollutionmaybringaboutchangesin_______weatheraroundtheworld.A./;theB.the;/C.an;theD.the;a(4).（09海南）Let’sgoto______cinema-that’lltakeyourmindofftheproblemfor_______whileA.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a(5).（09陕西）What_____pitythatyoucouldn’tbetheretoreceive_____prize!A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the(6).（09四川）Inordertofind_______betterjob,hedecidedtostudy_________secondforeignlanguage.A.the;aB.a;aC.the;theD.a;the(7).(（09浙江）Idon’tunderstandwhattheengineermeans,butI’vegot______roughideaof_____projectplan.A.the;aB.不填;theC.the;不填D.a;the(8).（09重庆）WashingmachinesmadebyChinahavewon___worldwideattentionandHaierhasbecome___popularname.A.a;theB./;aC./;theD.the;a(9).（09全国2）WhatIneedis___bookthatcontains___ABCofoilpainting.A.a;不填B.the;不填C.the;anD.a;the(10).（08湖南卷）Haveyouheard______news？Thepriceof_______petrolisgoingupagain!A.the,theB.不填，theC.the,不填D.不填，不填(11).（10北京卷）.Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget______secondchancetomake______firstimpression.A.a;theB.the;theC.a;aD.the;a(12).（10福建卷）It’s________goodfeelingforpeopletoadmiretheShanghaiworldexpothatgivesthem________pleasure.A.不填，aB.a,不填C.the,aD.a,the(13).（10江苏卷）.Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthat_______peoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfor_____newJiangsu.A.不填;aB.不填;theC.the;aD.the;the(14).(10辽宁卷).Thereareover58,000rockyobjectsin_______space,about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto_______earth.A.the;theB.不填;theC.the