高考连词的复习

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连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句和句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用以连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and,but,or,for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(如主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词从句的连词如that,whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when,because,since,if等。一、并列连词的用法1.表示转折关系的连词。这类词主要有but,yet等。Someoneborrowedmypen,butIdon’trememberwho.有人借了我的钢笔,但我不记得是谁了。Hesaidhewasourfriend,yethewouldn’thelpus.他说他是我们的朋友,但却不肯帮我们。2.表示因果关系的并列连词。这类词主要有for,so等。Thechildhadabadcough,sohismothertookhimtothehospital.这孩子咳得厉害,所以他妈妈带她去看医生。Youaresupposedtogetridofcarelessness,foritoftenleadstoseriouserrors.你们一定要丢掉粗心大意的习惯,因为粗心大意常引起严重的错误。For表示原因通常不能放在句首,也不单独使用。3.表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and,or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,both…and,aswellas等。Hedidn’tgoandshedidn’tgo,either.Theweatherismildtoday;itisneitherhotnorcold.BothNewYorkandLondonhavetrafficproblems.Itisimportantforyouaswellasforme.Peoplewhoareeitherunderoroveragemaynotjointhearmy.二、从属连词的用法1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词。(1)表示“当……的时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要有when,while,as,whenever等。Don’ttalkwhileyouareeating.Vegetablesarebestwhentheyarefresh.HecamejustasIwasleaving.(2)表示“在……之前/后的时间连词。只要有before,after等。•Trytofinishyourworkbeforeyouleave.•Afterwehavefinishedtea,wewillsitonthegrass.•(3)表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要有since,until,till等。•Hehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.•HoldontillIfetchhelp.•Nevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.(4)表示“一……就”的时间连词。主要有assoonas,themoment,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when等。I’llletyouknowassoonasIhearfromher.ThemomentIhavefinishedI’llcallyou.IcameimmediatelyIheardthenews.Onceyoubeginyoumustcontinue.(5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要有everytime,eachtime,anytime,nexttime,lasttime,thefirsttime.I’lltellhimaboutitnexttimeIseehim.Weloseafewcellseverytimewewashourhands.Youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if,unless,as/solongas,incase等。•DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?•Don’tcomeunlessItelephoneyou.•Aslongasyou’rehappy,itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoudo.•Incaseitrainstheystayathome.注意:Ifyouwill(愿意)sitdownforafewmoments,Iwilltellyouthemanageryou’rehere.3.引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要有inorderto,sothat,forfear等。Heraisedhisvoicesothateveryonecouldhear.Sherepeatedtheinstructionsslowlyinorderthatheshouldunderstand.4.引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要有sothat,so…that,such…that等。IwenttothelectureearlysothatIgotagoodseat.•IhadsomanyfallsthatIwasblackandblueallover.•Heshutthewindowwithsuchgreatforcethattheglassbroke.5.引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要有because,as,since,seeingthat,nowthat,consideringthat等。•HedistrustedmebecauseIwasnew.•Asyouaresorry,I’llforgiveyou.•Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.•Seeingthatheisill,heisunlikelytocome.•Nowthatshehasapologized,Iamcontent.•6.引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要有although,though,eventhough,evenif,while等。•Althoughwearetwins,welookentirelydifferent.•Ilikehereventhoughshecanbeannoying.•说明:•however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever等也可引导让步状语从句。•Youwon’tmovethestone,howeverstrongyouare.•Whateverwehaveachieved,weoweittoyoursupport.•Whoeveryouare,youcan’tpassthisway.7.引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要有as,asif,asthough,theway等。•Whydidn’tyoucatchthelastbusasItoldyouto?•Hebenttheironbarasifithadbeenmadeofrubber.•Nobodyelselovesyoutheway(as)Ido.8.引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要有where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere等。•ThechurchwasbuiltwheretherehadoncebeenaRomantemple.•I’lltakeyouanywhereyoulike.•EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamethiong.•9.引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要有than和as…as等。•Hewasnowhappierthanshehadeverbeen.•Iglancedatmywatch.ItwasearlierthanIthought.•Hedoesn’tworkashardashiswife.10.引导名词从句的从属连词。主要有that,whether等,它们可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,其中that不仅不充当句子成分,而且也没有词义,在句子中只起连接作用;而if,whether虽不充当句子成分,但有词义,即表示“是否”。•Herepliedthathewasgoingbytrain.•Iwonderifit’slargeenough.•IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.三、几组常用连词的用法区别1.when,while,as的用法区别:三者均可表示“当……时候”,区别如下:(1)若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作,而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时,三者都可用。如:Hefellasleepwhen/while/ashewasreading.Imethimwhen/while/asIwastakingawalkinthepark.说明:As用于引出一个持续性动作表示“在……期间”时,其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development)意味的动词,一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如be,seem,love,want,agree,see,know,have等),所以下面句子中的while不能换为as:A:I’mgoingtothepostoffice?B:Whileyouarethere,canyougetmesomestamps?(2)若主/从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用while.如:Don’ttalkwhileyou’reeating.Ikeptsilentwhilehewaswriting.但是,若主句、从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边……”之意时,通常要用as。如:Shesangasshewentalong.(3)若从句是一个短暂性动作,而主句是一个持续性动作,可以用as或when,但不可以用while。When/Ashecamein,Iwaslisteningtotheradio.Itwasraininghardwhen/aswearrived.(4)若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的暂时性动作,一般也用as/when。Ithoughtofitjustwhen/asyouopenedyourmouth.(5)若要表示正在发展变化的情况,相当于汉语的“随着”,一般用as。如:Thingsaregettingbetterandbetterastimegoeson.(6)As和when之后均可直接跟一个名词,构成省略句;但是while一般不这样用。As/Whenaboy,helivedinJapan.As/Whenstillastudent,hewroteanovel.(7)When和While之后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句,但as一般不这样用。如:When/Whilereading,hefellasleep.When/Whileintrouble,askmeforhelp.Youmuststudyhardwhile(youare)young,oryouwillregretwhen(youare)old.

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