2011年高考英语一轮复习语法专攻:句型56类

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高中英语主要句型56一、以形式主语it引导的句型。•句型1.•It(so)happened(chanced)that+clause.=sb.happened/chancedtodosth.=sb.didsth.bychance.如:•IthappenedthathewasoutwhenIgotthere.当我到那儿时,碰巧他不在。=HehappenedtobeoutwhenIgotthere.=ItchancedthathewasoutwhenIgotthere=HewasoutbychancewhenIgotthere.•句型2.•Itseemsthatsb.do/bedoing/havedone/haddone=Sb.seemstodo/tobedoing/tohavedone/tobedone/tohavebeendone(还有动词appear等可这样使用)如:•ItseemedthathehadbeentoBeijingbefore.他好象以前去过北京。=HeseemedtohavebeentoBeijingbefore.•句型3.•Itis/was+被强调的部分+that(who)+剩余的部分.如:•Itwasn'tuntilhecamebackthatIwenttobed.直到他回来我才睡觉。(一定要注意被强调句型中的谓语动词否定的转移)。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn'tcometoschooltoday.只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。(只能用because而不能用for,as或since)•ItisIwhoamastudent.我确实是个学生。(句中am不能用are来代替。)•句型4.•Itishightime(time/abouttime)+(that)主语+did/shoulddo+其它。(从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气。)如:•Itishightimethatweshouldgo/wenthome.我们该回家了。•句型5.•Itis/wassaid(reported,thought,believed,supposed…)+that+从句.如:•Itwassaidthathehadreadthisnovel.据说他读过这篇小说。=Hewassaidtohavereadthisnovel.•句型6.•Itisimpossible/necessary/strange…thatclause.(从句中的谓语用should+do/shouldhavedone,其形式是虚拟语气。)如:•Itisstrangethatheshouldhavefailedinthisexam.真奇怪,他这次考试没有及格。•句型7.•Itis+apity/ashame…thatclause.(注意从句中的谓语动词用shoulddo或shouldhavedone的形式,但should可以省略。)如:•Hedidn'tcomebackuntilthefilmended.Itwasapitythatheshouldhavemissedthisfilm.他直到电影结束才回来。他没有看到这部电影真可惜。•句型8.•Itissuggested/ordered/commanded/…that+clause.(从句的谓语动词用shoulddo,但should可以省略。)如:•Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.有人建议推迟会议。•句型9.•Itis/was+表示地点的名词+where+从句。(注意本句不是强调句型,而是以where引导的定语从句。)如:•ItwasthishousewhereIwasborn.请比较:ItwasinthishousethatIwasborn.(后一句是强调句型。)•句型10.•Itis/was+表示时间的名词+when+从句。(注意本句型也不是强调句型,而是以when引导的定语从句。)如:•Itwas1999whenhecamebackfromtheUnitedStates.请比较:Itwasin1999thathecamebackfromtheUnitedStates.•句型9.•Itis/was+表示地点的名词+where+从句。(注意本句不是强调句型,而是以where引导的定语从句。)如:•ItwasthishousewhereIwasborn.请比较:ItwasinthishousethatIwasborn.(后一句是强调句型。)•句型10.•Itis/was+表示时间的名词+when+从句。(注意本句型也不是强调句型,而是以when引导的定语从句。)如:•Itwas1999whenhecamebackfromtheUnitedStates.请比较:Itwasin1999thathecamebackfromtheUnitedStates.•句型11.•Itiswell-knownthat+从句。如:•Itiswell-knownthatsheisalearnedwoman.众所周知,她是个知识渊博的妇女。•句型12.•Itis+段时间+since+主语+did.请比较:•Itwas+段时间+since+主语+haddone.如:•Itisfiveyearssincehelefthere.他已经离开这儿五年了。•Itwasfiveyearssincehelefthere.(同上)•注意下列句型的翻译:Itisfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他从这儿搬走已经有五年了。•句型13.•It+谓语+段时间+before+主语+谓语.(before引导的是时间状语从句。)如:•Itwasn'tlongbeforethepeopleinthatcountryroseup.没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了。•Itwillbethreehoursbeforehecomesback.三个小时之后他才能回来。•句型14.•Itis+形容词(possible,impossible,necessary等)+for+sb.+todo.如:•Itisimpossibleformetofinishthisworkbeforetomorrow.我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的。•句型15.•Itis+(心理品质方面的)形容词+of+sb.+todo.=主语+be+形容词+todo.(常用的形容词有:kind,stupid;foolish,good,wise等。)如:•Itiskindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.你真好给我提供了帮助。•二、定语从句:•句型16.•由as引导的非限定性的定语从句。如:•Aswehaveknown,heisamostgoodstudent.众所周知,他是个很好的学生。请比较:Itiswell-knownthatheisamostgoodstudent.(前一个是定语从句,而后者是个主语从句。)•句型17.•由which引导的非限定性的定语从句。如:•Heisaprofessor,whichIhavebeenlookingforwardtobecoming.他是个教授,那是我一直盼望的职业。(因为先行词professor是表示职业的名词,因此引导词用which,而不用who。•句型18.•由where,when引导的定语从句(其中包括限定性的或非限定性的。)如:•ThisisthehousewhereIusedtocome.请比较:Thisisthehousewhich/thatIusedtocometo.•ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.请比较:Thisisthedaywhich/thatIjoinedthePartyon.•(说明:关于that与which之间的区别,请看关系代词that和which的区别。)•三、让步状语从句•句型19.•Nomatterwhat/which/who/where/when/whose+从句,+主句.(注意从句中的时态一般情况下用一般现在时态。)如:•Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.请比较:Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.无论你做什么,一定要做好。•Nomatterwhereyougo,pleaseletmeknow.请比较:Whereveryougo,pleaseletmeknow.你无论去哪儿,请通知我。•(说明:这两种句型形式不同,而意义完全相同。)•(注意:Iwilltellwhoeverwouldliketoreadit.句中的whoever不能用whomever来代替。因为它即作动词tell的宾语,又作后面从句的主语。)•四、条件状语从句•句型20.•When/Solongas/Aslongas/Once+从句,+主句。(从句也可以放在主句之后。)如:•Aslongasyougivemeanymoney,Iwillletyougo.只要你给我一些钱,我就让你走。•OnceyouhavebeguntolearnEnglish,youshouldlearnitwell.一旦你开始学习英语,你应该把它学好。•句型21.•主句+onconditionthat+从句.如:•Iwillgowithyouonconditionthatyougivemeasumofmoney.我和你一起去的条件是你给我一些钱。•句型22.•主句+unless+从句.(注意:由于unless本身是否定词,所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定而不用否定。)如:•Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.我明天去那儿除非下雨。•句型23.•祈使句,+and/andthen+主句。(注意:祈使句也可用一个名词短语。)如:•Useyourhead,andyouwillfindagoodidea.动脑筋想一想,你就会想出一个好主意。•Anotherword,andIwillbeatyou.你再说一句,我就揍你。•句型24.•If+necessary/impossible/important等,+主句.(注意:if与形容词之间的itis被省略。)如:•Ifnecessary,Iwilldoit.如果有必要的话,我来做此事。•五、原因状语从句•句型25.•主句+incase+从句.(incase表示以免)如:•Iwilltakemyraincoatincaseitrains.我要把雨衣带上以免下雨。•句型26.•主句+dueto/becauseof/owningto/+thefactthat+从句。如:•Hedidnotcometoschoolbecauseofthefactthathewasill.由于他有病了,所以没有来上学。•六、时间状语从句•句型27.•When/While/As+从句,+主句.如:•WhenIwasinthecountry,Iusedtocarrysomewaterforyou.当我在农村时,我常常给你打水。•句型28.•主句+after/before+从句.如:•Theyhadn'tbeenmarriedfourmonthsbeforetheyweredevoiced.他们结婚不到四个月就离婚了。•Wewenthomeafterwehadfinishedthework.我们做完此工作就回家了。•句型29.•主语+肯定谓语+until+从句.请比较:主语+否定谓语+until+从句.如:•Iworkeduntilhecameback.我一直工作到他回来。•Ididn'tworkeduntilhecameback.他回来我才开始工作。•句型30.•Assoonas/Immediately/Directly/Instantly/Themoment/Theinstant/Theminute+从句,+主句.如:•Myfatherwentoutim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