来华留学生跨文化适应应激因素的探索性研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文来华留学生跨文化适应应激因素的探索性研究姓名：张艳申请学位级别：硕士专业：外国语言学及应用语言学指导教师：钟华20090522华中科技大学硕士学位论文III摘要目前，有许多外国留学生在中国高等院校学习，他们在中国会碰到诸如语言、学业、人际的和经济等方面各种各样的问题。因此帮助他们减轻文化适应应激从而让他们能够更好的适应就变得很重要。本文有两个研究目的：一是了解在华留学生文化适应应激的现状，二是探索留学生文化适应应激的因素。本文的受试者是94名正在华中科技大学和华中师范大学攻读学士、硕士或博士学位的留学生。作者在借鉴Sandhu＆Asrabadi的留学生文化适应应激量表的基础上设计出一套量表，调查了这些来华留学生的文化适应应激情况；并在借鉴Sarason,Shearin,＆Pierce的社会支持量表的基础上设计出一套量表来测量受试者对自己得到的社会支持的满意度；在借鉴Cross(1995)和Seongjik(2008)的语言水平量表的基础上设计出了一套测量受试者的汉语能力的量表。作者随机抽取了5名留学生对其进行了访谈，目的在与了解受试者的汉语学习和使用情况。随后，作者把收集到的原始数据输入到SPSS软件中，并对问卷收集的数据进行了因子分析和信度分析来检验问卷的结构效度和信度；皮尔森相关分析被用来检验留学生所获得的社会支持满意度和汉语水平与文化适应应激之间是否存在相关关系；单因素方差分析和独立样本T检验被用来检验来华留学生的文化适应应激在每一种人口统计因素的不同分组上是否存在显著行差异。研究结果表明：1）来华留学生的适应应激水平普遍不高，而且因受到的歧视和仇恨产生的适应应激是其适应应激的主要来源；2）社会支持满意度和文化适应应激呈显著负相关的关系;3）汉语水平与文化适应应激呈负相关关系，但不显著；4）来华留学生的文化适应应激水平根据来华时间长短和所获得的财政支持不同有显著差异;而与性别、年龄、所属大洲、婚姻状况和攻读学位没有显著差异。本文研究结果的启示是：学校应采取更多的措施来帮助留学生提高汉语水平；促进留学生与中国学生的交流。关键词：文化适应应激因素来华留学生社会支持满意度汉语能力华中科技大学硕士学位论文IAbstractNowadays,therearemanyinternationalstudentsstudyinginChineseuniversitiesorcolleges.Theseinternationalstudentsmaybeconfrontedwithvariousproblemssuchaslinguistic,academic,interpersonal,financial,andintrapersonalproblems.SoitiscriticaltohelpinternationalstudentsreduceacculturationstressforbetteradaptationinChina.Thisstudyhastworesearchobjectives.ThefirstoneistoevaluatetheacculturationstressofinternationalstudentsinChina.Thesecondoneistoinvestigatevariablesaffectingtheacculturationstressoftheseinternationalstudents.Thesubjectsinthisstudyare94internationalstudentswhoarecandidatesforBachelordegree,MasterdegreeorDoctoraldegreeinHuazhongUniversityofScience＆TechonologyandCentralChinaNormalUniversity.BasedonAcculturationStressScaleforInternationalStudents(designedbySandhu＆Asrabadiin1994),theresearcherdesignedascaletotesttheacculturationlevelofthesesubjects.BasedonSocialSupportQuestionnairedesignedbySarason,Shearin,＆Pierce,theresearcheralsodesignedascaletocheckhowthesubjectsaresatisfiedwiththesocialsupporttheyhavereceived.AnotherscalewasdesignedbasedontheoriginalmodelofCross(1995)andthemodifiedmodelofSeongjik(2008)totestChineselanguageproficiencythesubjectsperceived.Fiveinternationalstudentsamongthe94subjectswererandomlychosentobeinterviewedabouttheirChineselanguagelearningandpracticing.Later,theresearcherputalltherawdataintoSPSS16.0.Factoranalysisandreliabilityanalysisareprocessedtotesttheconstructvalidityandreliabilityofthequestionnairestudy.Pearsoncorrelationanalysisisprocessedtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweensocialsupportsatisfaction,perceivedChineseskillsandacculturationstress.One-wayANOVAandIndependent-SampleTTestareperformedtotestwhetherthereissignificantdifferenceinmeansofacculturationstresswithrespecttoeverydemographicvariable.Themajorresearchfindingsareasfollows:1)thelevelofacculturationstressamong华中科技大学硕士学位论文IIinternationalstudentsisrelativelylow,andlowstressduetoperceiveddiscriminationandhatredisthemajorsourceoftheiracculturationstress;2)socialsupportsatisfactionisnegativelyandsignificantlycorrelatedtoacculturationstress;3)perceivedChineseskillsarenegativelybutnotsignificantlycorrelatedtoacculturationstress;4)thelengthofstayinChinaandfinancialsupportcanmakesignificantdifferenceofacculturationstressamonginternationalstudentsinChina,butotherdemographicvariablessuchasage,gender,continents,maritalstatusanddegreeseekingcannot.TheresultsoftheresearchindicatethatmoreinterventionfromuniversityauthorityshouldbeperformedtohelpinternationalstudentwiththeirChineseproficiency,topropelthesocializationofinternationalstudentswithChinesestudents.Keywords:AcculturationstressFactorsInternationalstudentsinChinaSocialsupportsatisfactionPerceivedChineseskills独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到，本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权华中科技大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。保密□，在___年解密后适用本授权书。不保密□。（请在以上方框内打“√”）学位论文作者签名：指导教师签名：日期：年月日日期：年月日本论文属于华中科技大学硕士学位论文1IntroductionBackgroundoftheResearchSinceChinesecollegesanduniversitiesopenedtheirdoorstointernationalstudents,thenumberofinternationalstudentsonChinesecampushascontinuedtogrow.AccordingtothestatisticsofMinistryofEducationofChina,bytheacademicyear2007-2008,therearemorethen195,500internationalstudentsenrolledinvariousinstitutionsofhighereducationinChina.Amongtheseinternationalstudents,Koreastudentshavebecomethelargestsegmentofinternationalstudents,followedbyJapan,America,VietnamandIndonesia.Becausestudyingandlivinginthehostcountries,awayfromtheirownethnicculture,theseinternationalstudentsmaymeetvariousproblemsanddifficulties.Asaresultofthesedifficultiesandproblems,itisestimatedthatabout15%to25%ofallinternationalstudentsmightbepsychologically,physiologically,oracademicallyimpaired(Church,1982).AnditisnotedbyLeongandChou(1996)thatabout15%to20%ofallinternationalstudentsareatriskofsufferingfrompsychologicalissuesduetoacculturationstress.ItisalsoreportedbyChurch(1982)thatinterna