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（一）2011年山东卷第一节阅读表达(第76题2分，77、78、80题每题3分，第79题4分，满分l5分)阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。[1]Doyouspendoveranhoureachdaytextingmessagestoyourfriends?Doyoufrequentlyignorework,study,andotheractivitiestocheckyourphoneformessages?Areyouanxiousandrestlessifyouareseparatedfromyourmobilephone,9Doyouhardlyeveruseyourphonetotalkanymore,anddoyourthumbshurtfromtextingtoomuch?[2]If,thenitisverypossiblethatyouareatextaholic.Atextaholiccanbedefinedassomeonewhoisaddictedtosendingandreceivingmessages.Themainsymptomsareastrongdesiretotextmessages,whichtakesprecedence(优先)overeverythingelse,andbadmoods,lowspiritsandalackofself-confidenceifmessagesfailtocomein.Therootoftheproblem,aswithmanyaddictions,isthedesiretoescapefromemotionaldifficultiessuchasstress,atrxietyandrelationshipproblems.Expertswarnthattextaddictionislikelytobecomethemostcommonformofaddictioninthefuture,especiallyamongtheyoung.[3]Sowhatcanyoudoifyouthinkyoumaybeatextaholic?Thekeyistogetyourlifebackinbalance.Makesureyouresisttheurgetoanswereverymessageyoureceive,andconsiderleavingyourmobilephonebehindoccasionallywhenyougoout.Mostimportantly,makeapointofspendingqualitytimewithfriendsandfamily,andmaketimetore-learntheartofface-to-faceconversationinsteadofconductingyourrelationshipsbymeansoftextmessages.Notonlywillyousavetimeandmoney,butyoumayalsorediscoverthepleasureoftruecommunication.76.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?(nomorethan5words)77.FillintheblankinParagraph2withproperwords.(nomorethan8words)78.Whatemotionaldifficultiesmaybethecausesoftextaddiction?(nomorethan5words)79.Whatdoexpertssayabouttextaddiction?(nomorethan14words)80.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?(nomorethan8words)（二）2009.天津卷第一节:阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.AlmosteverybodyinAmericawillspendapartofhisorherlifebehindashoppingcart（购物手推车）.Theywill,inalifetime,pushthechrome-platedcontraptionsmanymiles.Butfewwillknow—oreventhinktoask—whoitwasthatinventedthem.SylvanN.Goldmaninventedtheshoppingcartin1937.Atthattimehewasinthesupermarketbusiness.Everydayhewouldseeshopperslugging（吃力地携带）groceriesaroundinbasketstheyhadtocarry.OnedayGoldmansuddenlyhadtheideaofputtingbasketsonwheels.Thewheeledbasketswouldmakeshoppingmucheasierforhiscustomers,andwouldhelptoattractmorebusiness.OnJune4,1937,Goldman’sfirstcartswerereadyforuseinhismarket.Hewasterriblyexcitedonthemorningofthatdayascustomersbeganarriving.Hecouldn’twaittoseethemusinghisinvention.ButGoldmanwasdisappointed.Mostshoppersgavethecartsalonglook,buthardlyanybodywouldgivethematry.Afterawhile,Goldmandecidedtoaskcustomerswhytheyweren’tusinghiscarts.“Don’tyouthinkthisarmisstrongenoughtocarryashoppingbasket?”oneshopperreplied.ButGoldmanwasn’tbeatenyet.Heknewhiscartswouldbeagreatsuccessifonlyhecouldpersuadepeopletogivethematry.Tothisend,Goldmanhiredagroupofpeopletopushcartsaroundhismarketandpretendtheywereshopping!Seeingthis,therealcustomersgraduallybegancopyingthephony（假冒的）customers.AsGoldmanhadhoped,thecartsweresoonattractinglargerandlargernumbersofcustomerstohismarket.Butnotonlydidmorepeoplecome—thosewhocameboughtmore.Withlarger,easier-to-handlebaskets,customersunconsciouslyboughtagreaternumberofitemsthanbefore.Today’sshoppingcartsarefivetimeslargerthanGoldman’soriginalmodel.Perhapsthat’sonereasonAmericanstodayspendmorethanfivetimesasmuchmoneyonfoodeachyearastheydidbefore1937—beforethecomingoftheshoppingcart.1.Theunderlinedwords“chrome-platecontraptions”inParagraph1referto________________________（Nomorethan3words）2.WhatwasthepurposeofGoldman’sinvention?（Nomorethan10words）3.WhywasGoldmandisappointedatfirst?（Nomorethan10words）4.WhydidGoldmanhirepeopletopushcartsaroundhismarket?（Nomorethan10words）5.WhatdoyouthinkofGoldman?Pleasegiveyourreasons.（Nomorethan20words）（十一）Modernlifeisalotlesstotheadvantageoffriendshipsandneighborlinessthanitusedtobe.TheaverageAmericanmoveseveryfiveyears.Peopledrivestraightintotheirgarages,hirelawnservices,hangoutintheirbackyardsinsteadoftheirfrontporches（前走廊）.Thesedays,neighborsdon'tevenknoweachother'snames.Goodneighborsandgoodfriendsarealotlikeelectricityorrunningwater:Wedon'tknowhowmuchwedependonthemuntilwedon'thavethem.Infact,theauthorsofarecentbook,RefrigeratorRights,claimthatrefrigeratorsaresignsofcloserelationships--afterall,youwouldn'tsnatchadrumstick（鸡腿）fromtherefrigeratorofastranger.Thesurprisingthingisthatallittakestostrengthenyourrelationshipwithfriendsandneighborsisrespectfortheirfeelings,concernfortheirproperty,andahelpinghandwhenit'sneeded.Here'showtodevelopyourrelationshipswithtwotypesofvitallyimportantpeopleinyourlife._________________.Atruefrienddoesn'tfleewhenchangesoccur.Thesignofagoodfriendisonewhostaystruethroughitall--marriage,parenthood,newjobs,newhomes,thelosses.Justbecausesituationschangedoesn'tmeanthepersonhasto.Friendshipsfadeawayifthereisn'tanbalancebetweenthegiveandthetake.Somakesureyouaren'tbeingaburdentoyourfriends.Besensitivetohowmuchyourfriendcanandcan'tofferyou--beittime,energy,orhelp--anddon'tstepovertheline.Meanwhile,friendshipsthatdrain（耗尽）youwillnotlast.Ifafriendshipisou