2 Stop Sound Changes

StopSoundChangesReviewofstops/p,b//t,d//k,g/Twosoundchangeswithstops•Flap•Glottalstop•Flap–occursinplaceof/t/.Where?Betweenstressedsyllableandunstressedsyllable.•Glottalstop–allophoneof/t/.Where?Beforenasalsandbetweenvowels.Clinicalimplications•Whentrainingstops–practiceinmanycontexts.•School-agechildren–don’thavetroublewithstops.•Preschoolers&childrenwithmotorspeechdisorders–do(!)havedifficultywithstops.Problemswithstops•Stopsubstitutions•Voicingofvoicelessstops•Devoicingofvoicedstops•Glottalstopsubstitutions•Stopdeletions•FrictionalizedstopsStopsubstitutions•Frontingt/k,d/g•Backedk/t,g/d•P&b–leastlikelytobechanged.Booksays“moststable”VoicingofVLstop•Errors–relatedtovoiceonsettime(VOT).•Children–fullyvoicevoicelessstopsORpartiallyvoicevoicelessstops.•CoordinationofVOTisdifficult.DevoicingofVoicedStops•Symbolforpartialdevoicing(smallcircleundersymbol)•Howdoyoudistinguishpartiallydevoicedfromfullydevoiced???Listentolengthofprecedingvowels!!!•Appropriatevowellengthuseddevoicing•Ifvowelistooshortusesubstitution.Glottalstopsubstitution•Glottalstop–quickopen/closeofvocalfolds•Listenforabruptonset/offsetofvowels.StopDeletions•Stopdeletions–difficulttohear!Watchchild’sarticulationofthesoundsFrictionalizedStops•Frictionalizedstop–alsocalledspirantizedstop•Considereda“distortion”•Don’thavecrisprelease!•Frictionalized–usedbychildrenwithneuromotordisorders.