Common-test-techniques

STAGESOFTESTING+COMMONTESTTECHNIQUESWhatarethestagesoftestconstruction???Takeaminuteandtrytothinkofthesestages???Stagesoftesting1-Statementoftheproblem.Itisimportanttoknowwhatyouwantandforwhatpurpose.Whatkindoftestisit??Achievement,..Proficiency...)?Whatisthepurposeoftheexam??(Whatdoyouwanttoknow?)Whatabilitiesaretobetested?Howdetailedmusttheresultsbe?(long,short,detailedknowledgelanguageabilities...)2-ProvidingasolutiontotheproblemWritingspecificationsforthetestContentYouneedtodecidethepotentialcontentofanyversions.Whattoincludeinthewritingofanyversionofthetest.OperationThetasksthestudentsshouldcarryout.Forexample,scanthereading,guessthemeaningofthecontext.TypesoftextYouneedtorelateittothetopicandinterest.Forexample,ifitiswriting,letters,forms,academicessays.AddresseesThekindsofpeoplethatthestudentisexpectedtobeabletowriteorspeakto.Forexample,thepeopleforwhomreadingandlisteningmaterialsareprimarilyintended,forexamplenativespeakeruniversitystudents.TopicsTopicsareselectedaccordingtosuitabilityforthestudentsandthetypeoftest.FormatandtimingWeneedtospecifytheteststructure,includingtimeallocatedforeachcomponent,itemtypes,andprocedures.Howmanyscoresshouldbeallocatedtoeachpart,howmanypassagesshouldweincludeorrequired.ScoringprocedureAreyougoingtoscoreitsubjectivelyorobjectively?3-WritingthetestSamplingItisimportanttosamplewidelyandpredictablyfromthewholecontent.Youshouldnotconcentrateonareasthatareeasytotest.Youshouldsamplewidelyandunpredictably.ItemwritingandmoderationsOfcourseitisdifficulttoconstructperfecttestitems.Itisnormalthatsomeoftheseitemsshouldberejected,orre-written.Wecandothisthroughteamworkandaskingcolleges.Weshouldbeopentoacceptanycriticisms.WritingthescoringkeyTesttechniquesDefinition/conditionsAtesttechniqueisameanofelicitingbehaviorfromstudentswhichwilltellusabouttheirlanguageabilities.Weneedtechniqueswhich:willelicitbehaviorwhichindicatetheabilitiesweareinterestedin.economicalintimeandeffort.havebeneficialwashbackeffectMultiplechoiceitemsJohnhasbeenhere______halfanhour.stem(completestatement,incompletestatement,question)a.duringb.forc.whiled.sinceOptions(onecorrect–distracters)(Thedistractersshouldnotbetoolong,nortoodifficult)AdvantagesofmultiplechoiceitemsScoringisreliable.Scoringisfastandeconomical.Thetestwillbemorereliablebecausewecanincludemoreitems.DisadvantagesofthemultiplechoiceitemsIttestsonlyrecognitionknowledge.(productionvs.receptiveskills)e.g.grammartest??Guessingmayhaveaconsiderableeffectontestscores.(33%-fouroptions)Itrestrictswhatcanbetested.(distractersmaynotbeavailable)Itisdifficulttowriteasuccessfulitems.(commonmistakes:morethanoneanswer,nocorrectanswer,cluesintheoption,ineffectivedistracters)Backwashmightbeharmful.(harmfuleffectonteaching/learning)Cheatingmightbefacilitated.HowtoconstructamultiplechoiceitemI……………………...Herefortwoyears.a.hadlivedb.havelivedc.havebeenlivingd.hadbeenlivingEachmultiplechoiceitemshouldhaveONLYONEanswer.Ineverknewwhere…………….a.hadtheboysgoneb.theboyshavegonec.havetheboysgoned.theboyshadgoneOnefeatureatatimeshouldbetested.Someonewhodesignshousesisa……a.designerb.builderc.architectd.plumberEachoptionshouldbegrammaticallycorrectwhenplacedinthestem.Itshouldbeatalevelappropriatefortheproficiencyofthestudents.Itshouldbebriefandclearaspossible.ExerciseTakealookattheseexamplesandtrytofigureoutifthefollowingitemsaregoodmultiplechoiceitems.Aftertheguests..............,Iwenttobed.lefthadlefthaveleftwouldleaveI.................intheclasswhenitbegantorain.wassitweresittingwassittingsitThepresenttaxreformshavebenefited...............poor.thattheathisClozetest(Clozetest,C-test,anddictationareusedtomeasuretheoverallabilityinalanguage)HowtowriteclozetestTheclozetestinvolvesdeletinganumberofwordsinapassage,leavingblanks.Aftershortlead-in,itisusuallyeveryseventhwordswhicharedeleted.AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofclozetestAdvantagesEasytoconstruct,administeredandscore.DisadvantagesItisnotpossibletopredictaccuratelypeople’sabilitieswithrespecttoseparateskills.Weneedcarefulselectionoftextsandsomepretesting.Cannottellusaboutoralability.TheC-testHowtowriteC-testC-Testisavarietyofclozetest.Insteadofdeletingthewholeword,thesecondhalfonlyisdeleted.AdvantagesExactscoringisnecessaryShortertextsarepossible.Widerangeoftopics,styles,andlevelsofabilities.Ittakeslittlespaceandlesstimetocomplete.DisadvantagesIthasapuzzle-likenature.ItishardertoreadCorrectanswercanbefoundinthesurroundingtextYes/NoandTrue/FalseitemsDisadvantage:Encourageguessing(50%)So..??Wecanaskthestudentstocorrectthefalsestatement…however.thismightbeproblematic??1-writingisnotmeanttobetestedhere.(validityproblem)2-difficulttoscore(reliabilityandvalidity)ShortansweritemsAdvantages:guessingcontributeslesstothestudents’scores.itisnotrestrictedbytheneedofdistracters.cheatingismoredifficult.Itiseasiertowrite.Disadvantages:Responsesmaytakelonger,sothismightreducethenumberofitems.Studentshastoproducelanguageinordertorespond.Scoringcanbeinvalid