比较优势、后发优势与中国新型工业化道路研究

华中科技大学博士学位论文比较优势、后发优势与中国新型工业化道路研究姓名：何国勇申请学位级别：博士专业：西方经济学指导教师：徐长生20041112I5IIIII5IVAbstractThe16thnationalcongressofChineseCommunistPartyCCPproposed:“Itisstillahardandhistoricalmissionintheprocessofourcountry’smodernizationtorealizeindustrialization.”Ourcountry’sfutureindustrializationshouldabidebythepolicyofrelyingoninformalizationtopromoteindustrializationandofrelyingonindustrializationtopromoteinformalization.ThisistheCCP’sstrategicdecisionoffollowingthepathofnew-patternindustrializationwhenourcountryhasbeeninthenewperiodofall-roundbuildingmoderatewell-offsocietyinordertoquickenourcountry’stempooftransformingindustrializationfromthemiddlestagetothehigherstage.AroundthisstrategicdecisionproposedbytheCentralCommitteeofCCP,thedomesticacademiccirclesofeconomicsdiscusswarmlyontheconnotationandtechnicalbaseofthenewindustrializationpath,onwhyandhowtofollowthispath.Theyhaveadvancedmanypointsofviewandshownremarkableinsightsonthisissue.Butthereare3obviousfaults.Thefirstisthattheirvisionisnotenoughbroadbecausetheystudieditonlyfromtheviewoftechnicaleconomics.Thesecondisthatthetheoreticalbasehasnotbeendiscussedenough.Sotheydidn’tprobeintotheessenceofthisissue.Thethirdisthattheirproposalsarenotcomprehensiveenoughbecausetheyproposedmostlyfromtheviewoftechnicaleconomics.TheauthorholdsthattherearestillmanyproblemsandfaultsintheindustrializationalthoughChina`seconomyhasenteredintothemiddlestageofindustrializationandwehaveachievedsplendidresultsafterseveraldecades’arduousworking.Forexample,oursocietyisnotwealthyenough;theincomeofpercapitalislow;theindustrialstructureisnothigh;thelevelofurbanizationislow;theratiobetweencapitalandlaborislow;thelevelofconsumptionislow;theGinicoefficientishigh,etc.Tosolvetheseproblemsandraiseourcountry’sindustrializationlevel,wewillconfront5thornyproblems:Thefirstisthecontradictionofquickeningtheindustrializationtempoandbeingshortofthedemandscontributedbyfarmers;thesecondisthecontradictionofthelowgrowthrateinnon-agricultureindustriesandacceleratingtheurbanization;thethirdisthecontradictionofVintensificationinmanufactureexpansionanddemandsinemploymentcreation;theforthisthecontradictionofextendingout-openingspheresandbeingnotstrongininternationalmanufacturecompetitiveness;thefifthisthecontradictionofraisingindustrializationspeedandrestrictioninnaturalresources,environment,regionaldifferences.Howtoresolvethesecontradictionsinordertosuccessfullyrealizeraisingourcountry’sindustrializationlevel?Theauthormaintainsthatthekeypointisthatthedevelopingcountriesmustownmuchstrongercompetitivenessthanthedevelopedcountriesinanumberofindustriesifthesedevelopingcountrieswanttosuccessfullyrealizeindustrializationandmodernizationinthebackgroundofeconomicglobalizationandinformalization,andinamoreandmorefree,open,competitiveglobalmarket.Tocomparethedevelopingcountrieswiththedeveloped,themainadvantagesofthedevelopingcountriesarecomparativeadvantagesandlater-developingadvantages.Theeconomicglobalizationandinformalizationhavenotchangedtheimportantstatusandroleofthecomparativeadvantagesandlater-developingadvantagesinthedevelopingcountries’economicdevelopment.Thisindicatesthatthedevelopingcountrieshavestrongercompetitivenessthanthedevelopedcountriesonlyintheseindustrieswhichthedevelopingcountriesownobviouscomparativeandlater-developingadvantages.Becauseoftheinterdependencebetweencomparativeadvantagesandlater-developingadvantagesintheprocessofthedevelopingcountries’economicdevelopment,thedevelopingcountriescanmostefficientlyacceleratetheprocessoftheirownindustrializationonlyiftheycorrectlycarryonthedevelopmentstrategybygivingequalemphasisonthecomparativeadvantagesandlater-developingadvantages.Concretely,theeconomyofthedevelopingcountriescanself-surviveonlyiftheyinitiateenterprises,tradeandadjustindustrialstructureaccordingtothecomparativeadvantagestheyhold;itcanself-strengthenandhavesustainable-competitivenessonlyiftheyimplementcorrectlythecatching-upstrategyaccordingtothelater-developingadvantagestheyhave;theycanownefficienteconomy,andcorrectdevelopmentstrategy,cancontinuouslyincreasethecompetitivenesstorealizetheeconomicrejuvenationonlyiftheyintegratethecomparativeadvantagesstrategyandthelater-developingadvantagesstrategyintrinsically.TheessentialconnotationofthenewindustrializationpathshouldbedefinedVIaccordingtohowtoexploitthesetwokindsofadvantagesofourcountry.Soitincludessuchitems:(1)China’snewindustrializationisthelate-comingindustrialization.(2)China’snewindustrializationisthejumping-overindustrialization.(3)China’snewindustrializationistheonewhichmainlylaunchedbyprivatesectorwithnecessaryofficialpromotion.(4)China’snewindustrializationistheonewhichmainlycarriesouttheexport-orientedforeigntradepolicyandproperlyimportssubstitutionpolicyatthesametime.(5)China’snewindustrializationistheonewhichpaysequalattentiontothelightandheavyindustriesandproperlygravitatestowardsonesideatpropertimeaccordingtotheprocessofChina’seconomicdevelopment.(6)China’snewindustrializationistheonewhichmixestheextensiveandintensiveformofdevelop