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本科毕业设计论文课题名称基于机器视觉的射击竞赛自动报靶系统设计学生姓名程倩倩学号20042070专业名称通信工程指导教师姓名范新南申请学位级别工学学士学位授予单位河海大学论文提交日期2008年6月计算机及信息工程学院（常州）河海大学学士学位论文基于机器视觉的射击竞赛自动报靶系统设计I摘要随着信息技术的迅猛发展，机器视觉技术已成为科学与工程领域不可缺少的强有力工具。基于机器视觉的自动报靶系统，在公正、实时、安全、简单、成本和精度方面，比人工报靶和电子靶具有绝对优势，对提高我国整体射击水平有重要意义。自动报靶软件是用VC++6.0编程实现的，它能够完成图像采集、自动识别并判靶，成绩数据库自动管理，解决子弹脱靶和弹孔完全重叠的问题，同时具有良好的人机交互界面；自动报靶硬件设计包括背面照明、图像采集、图像显示和视频监控。为增强自动报靶系统的精确、实时、适应和可观赏性，本文使用背面照明来突出弹孔，Hough变换与椭圆特征相结合的算法来求中心，减影法实现弹孔快速分割，模板匹配法实现缺损弹孔的修正和定位，视频监控观来观看射击比赛的现场直播，同时选择了弹孔的周长、面积和不变矩作为最大最小距离法聚类分析时的特征，最后依据畸变后弹孔和环线相对位置未变的特征来计算环值。本系统可以在比赛开始前就识别出靶心和环线半径，并依据两种评分标准设计了两种环值计算方法。实验证明：当靶图发生明显投影畸变时，它可以实时的对单个和重叠弹孔进行报靶，精确到0.01；它可以实时的对产生的随机形状的多个弹孔进行正确聚类。关键字：图像处理；图像差影；Hough变换；不变矩；模板匹配；聚类分析；自动报靶河海大学学士学位论文AbstractIIAbstractWithfastdevelopmentofinformationtechnology,computervisionhasbeenapowerfultoolinscienceandengineeringfield.Anautomaticscoringsystembasedoncomputervisionissuperiortothetraditionallyartificialcountingandelectronicdartboardonefficiency,real-time,safety,simplicity,costandaccuracy,whichmakesgreatsenseinimprovingthenationalshootinglevel.Theauto-scoringsoftware,programmedbyVisualC++6.0,couldcapturetargetimages,auto-counttargetresultsandauto-managescoring,owningfriendman-machineinterface.Italsosuccessfullysolvestheproblemsofoff-targetandentirelyoverlappingholes.Thehardwaredesignsbacklightillumination,imageacquisition,imagedisplayandvideosurveillance.Toimproveautomatictarget-scoringsystem’saccuracy,real-timeandadaptabilityandtomakeshootinggamesmoreenjoyable,thepaperusesbacklightilluminationtostandoutbulletholes.Houghtransformandoval’scharacteristicarecombinedtorecognizethecenter.Subtractionmethodisusedtoquicklyandaccuratelysegmenttargetholesandtemplatematchmethodisusedtoamendandlocatethehole.Audiencecouldenjoythewholerealmatchbyvideosurveillance.Marked-holes’area,perimeterandmomentinvariantsareextractedasclusterfeatures,whenitusesthemethodofthemaximumandminimumdistance.Whenacquiredimagesaredistorted,becausetherelativepositionbetweenholesandringsdon’tchange,thefeatureisusedtocomputethetargetscoring.Thesystemcouldwellrecognizethescoringringsandthetarget’scentrebeforethegame，andtwoautoscoringmethodsaredesigned,accordingtotwodifferentgradingmethods.Whentheobtainedtargetwasobviouslydistorted,theexperimentalresultshowsthatthesystemcouldrecognizetheoverlappingandsingleholesonrealtimeandtheresultcouldaccurateto2decimalplaces.Italsocorrectlyclustersrandomshapeholesonthetarget.KeyWords:ImageProcessing;ImageSubtraction;HoughTransform;MomentInvariant;TemplateMatch;ClusterAnalysis;AutomaticScoring;河海大学学士学位论文基于机器视觉的射击竞赛自动报靶系统设计III目录第1章绪论......................................................................................................................................11.1研究背景................................................................................................................................11.2国内发展和研究状况..............................................................................................................21.2.1光电自动报靶..................................................................................................................21.2.2声电定位自动报靶..........................................................................................................31.2.3光纤编码自动报靶..........................................................................................................31.2.4基于机器视觉的自动报靶...............................................................................................31.3本文主要研究内容及章节安排...............................................................................................2第2章自动报靶系统的总体设计.....................................................................................................72.1系统总体设计方案..................................................................................................................72.2硬件系统设计.........................................................................................................................82.2.1机器光源设计..................................................................................................................82.2.2图像采集设计................................................................................................................102.2.3视频监控设计................................................................................................................112.3软件系统设计.......................................................................................................................122.3.1MFC编程简介.................................................................................................................122.3.2自定义的DIB函数库.....................................................................................................132.3.3软件设计流程图............................................................................................................14第3章靶图获取及预处理..............................................................................................................163.1靶图像存储格式选择...........................................................................