特性阻抗计算公式推导过程王国海以下内容供参考。1.传输线模型2符号说明RLGC分布式电阻电感电导电容3计算过程u(△z)-u=-R*∆z*i-L*△z*∂i∂t(1)i(△z)-i=-G*△z*u(△z)−c∗△z∗∂u∂t(2)(1)(2)两边同除以△z,得到电报公式∂u∂z+Ri+L∂i∂t=0(3)∂i∂z+Gu+C∂u∂t=0(4)u(z,t)=U(z)ejωt(5)i(z,t)=I(z)ejωt(6)由(5)(6)计算得道下列公式∂u(z,t)∂z=dU(z)dzejωt(7)∂u(z,t)∂t=U(z)ejωtjω(8)∂i(z,t)∂z=dI(z)dzejωt(9)∂i(z,t)∂t=I(z)ejωtjω(10)将(7)(8)(9)(10)代入公式(3)dU(z)dzejωt+Ri+LI(z)ejωtjω=0,i用公式(6)代入,dU(z)dzejωt+RI(z)ejωt+LI(z)ejωtjω=0化简得到:dU(z)dz=-(R+jωL)I(z)(11)同理7)(8)(9)(10)代入(4)可得dI(z)dz=-(G+jωC)U(z)(12)由(11)(12)得到dU(z)dI(z)=(R+jωL)I(z)(G+jωC)U(z)(13)交叉相乘,(G+jωC)U(z)dU(z)=(R+jωL)I(z)dI(z)两边积分,∫(G+jωC)U(z)dU(z)=∫(R+jωL)I(z)dI(z)12(G+jωC)U(z)2=12(R+jωL)I(z)2U(z)2I(z)2=(R+jωL)(G+jωC)两边开根号Z=U/I=√(R+jωL)(G+jωC)假定R=0,G=0(无损)得到特性阻抗近似公式Z=√𝐿𝐶