62英语非谓语动词

Grammar非谓语动词非谓语动词功能比较todo的复合结构-ingform的复合结构非谓语动词的否定式-ingform与pp的区别`1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Iamreadinganovel.ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn.Seeingisbelieving.Theresultsobtainedarequitesatisfactory.Pleasestopspeaking.（谓语）（谓语）（状语）（主语和表语）（定语）（宾语）2.非谓语动词的分类不定式(infinitive)分词（participle）动名词（gerund）3.非谓语动词的特点1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。ThePartycalledonustoservethepeople.3)连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,laughingmerrily.Tobefrank,yourplanisnotpracticable.主语表语宾语定语补语状语todo-ingformpp非谓语动词功能比较eg.Ilikeskating,butIdon’tliketoskatetoday.Playingwithfireisdangerous.Lookout！Toplaywithfireisdangerous.eg.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.主语1.todo表示具体的动作，-ingform表示泛指的动作。2.“thereisno+主语”句型中，多用-ingform.There’snosayingwhathe’llbedoingnext.There’snotellingwhathe’sgoingtodo.3.不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.Itmademeveryhappytohearhertalkaboutit.【注意1】Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（for引出动作发出者）（of引出adj修饰的对象）主语Itisnouse/gooddoing…【注意2】•Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.•Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.注意：常用在of句型中的adj有：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,cruel,careless,stupid,naughty(淘气的),polite,impolite,silly,wrong,brave,honest,noble，right,rude等＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.主语宾语注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Iwanttoknowthismatter.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.MyteachermadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.考点一:like,hate,prefer,begin,demand,want,expect,promise,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,intend,promise,decide,prepare,pretend,continue,wish,start,afford等+todo考点二:admit，appreciate，avoid，consider,delay,enjoy，escape,excuse，face，fancy,feellike，finish，forgive，giveup,imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，putoff，resist,risk，suggest，can’thelp，can’tstand(无法忍受)等+doing宾语考点三：forget，regret，remember，goon，like，mean，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Irememberdoingtheexercise.Imustremembertodoit.Imeantocomeearlytoday.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour．我记得做过练习．我必须记得去做这事．我打算今早些来．误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时．宾语考点四：allow，advise，forbid，permit+doingallow，advise，forbid，permit+sbtodobeallowed/advise/forbidden/permitted+todoWedon’tallow__________here.Wedon'tallowstudents_________.smokingtosmoke宾语考点五：在短语devote…to，lookforwardto，stickto,beusedto，objectto，getdownto,be(kept)busy，beworth,havedifficulty／trouble／problem(in)，haveagood／wonderful／hardtime(in)，There’snouse／good／+doing例如：Ilookforwardto_________fromyousoon.hearing考点六：动词need，require，want作“需要”解，+doingtobedoneThewindowrequires_________._________.cleaningtobecleanedeg.Heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow.Heattendedthemeetingheldyesterday.Hewillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2.表示被修饰词的内容时，用todo.eg.Shehasastrongwishtogotocollege.away/achancetodo1.从时态上看，-ingform表示正在进行的动作,pp表示已经完成的动作,todo表示将来的动作。定语注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry．Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．3.Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Thereisnothingtoworryabout．Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith．动名词作定语如：singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying-pansleeping-pillwalkingstickteachingmethod注：动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途eg.Ifoundhimcookingsupper.IfoundsuppercookedwhenIgothome.Itistrue—IsawHenrycooksupper.•-ing与宾语为主动关系，强调动作正在进行；•pp与宾语为被动关系，强调动作已经完成；•todo只单纯表示一个事实，强调动作的全过程。补足语注意2：在feel，hear，listento，lookat，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。注意1：ask,get,expect,wish,want,help,permit,beg,encourage,order,prefer,advise,like,callon,dependon,askfor,waitfor+sbtodoIoftenhearhimsingthesong．Heisoftenheardtosingthesong·注意3：catch,keep,mind,prevent,remember,stop,start,smell,excuse,send,fancy+sbdoing例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.•We’dbetterkeepthefireburning.•Idon’tmindyoujoking.Ilikeit.•Theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime.•Wemusttrytostopthemgettingintotrouble.•Idon’trememberhimeversayinganythinglikethat.•Hiswordsstartedmethinkingseriously.•Canyousmellsomethingburning?•Theearthquakesentthechinaandglasscrashingtotheground.作状语时的区别：eg.Theyworkedhardtopayforthenecklace.Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.Iamgladtoseeyou.todo表示1.目的;2.结果—表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。3.原因—表示造成情感变化的原因。目的结果原因Inordertopasstheexam，heworkedveryhard．Weranallthewaysoasnottobelate．•不定式也可以在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。Iamverygladtohearit.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer．•too+adj/adv+todo作状语Heistoooldtodothat．•enough+adj/adv+todo作状语Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus．•目的状语还可以用inorderto或soasto来表示。6.United,westand;divided,wefall.(=When/Ifweareunited…)7.Heated,waterchangesintosteam.(=When/Ifwaterisheated…)8.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Wewillnotattackunlessatt