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1ChapterITheRenaissancePeriod2.Metaphysical形而上学poetry:ThetermmetaphysicalpoetrytheinfluenceofJohnDonne.Witharebelliousspirit,themetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.I.EdmundSpenserTheFaerieQueene,agreatpoemofitsag.Acomplexmoral,religious,&politicalallegory,itisalsoanepicthatexaltsQueenElizabethⅠ&theEnglishnation.hisprincipalintentionistopresentthroughahistoricalpoemtheexampleofaperfectgentleman:tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuous&gentlediscipline.ItsprincipalheroistheArthurofmedievallegend.Thesixbooksofthepoemillustratethenatureofparticularvirtues,suchas,temperance&justice.1)MainqualitiesofSpenser'spoetry①aperfectmelody②araresenseofbeauty③asplendidimagination④aloftymoralpurity&seriousness⑤adedicatedidealism2)Inhiswriting,Spenserdrewontheconventions&thoughtofClassical,medieval,&Renaissanceliterature.However,headdedtohisfusionofthesediverseelementsmuchthatwasoriginal,&hisworksinspiredmanylaterEnglishpoets.Hecreatedanewstanza,calledtheSpenserianstanza,whichiswellsuitedtonarrativeverse.HisskillsinwritingmelodiousEnglishverse&hiscombinationofemotion,erudition,&spiritualvisionhavewonhimtheadmirationofgenerationsofEnglishpoets.Itishisidealism,hisloveofbeauty,&hisexquisitemelodythatmakehimknownasthepoets'poet.4.应用TheFaerieQueene:1)Itisalong,allegoricalpoem.Inthepoem,Spenserdramatizedpolitical,religious,&moralthemesbypersonifyingthem,ormakingthemcharacters.2)Plot:Thestory,whichissetagainstabackgroundofArthur&medievallegend,dealswiththeadventuresofsixknightsofthecourtofthefairyqueennamedGloriana,whorepresentsQueenElizabethⅠofEnglish.ThefaerieQueenwasleftunfinishedatSpenser'sdeath.Itwasoriginallyplannedasa12-bookpoem.II.ChristopherMarlowedramatist&poet，wasthefirstgreatEnglishDramatist.Hebroughttot2heEnglishstageanewconceptoftragedy,oneinwhichthedramacentersaroundthestrugglesofamanoverwhelmedbyhispassions&ambitions.HisMajorWorksHismostfamoustragediesareDoctorFaustus,TheJewofMalta,Tamburlaine&EdwardⅡ.Inhisplays,Marloweusedblankverse,whichhemoldedintoasuperbinstrumentforexpressingintenseemotions.Hisnon-dramaticpoetryincludesHero&Leander,thePassionateshepherdtoHislove,&aversetranslationofOvid'sAmores.Marlowe'sDoctorFaustus(about1589),generallyconsideredhisbestplay,wasbasedonarealDr.Faustus,whowaslaterassociatedwithamedievallegendofamansellinghissoultothedevil.Theplay'sdominantmoralishumanratherthanreligious.Itcelebratesthehumanpassionforknowledge,power&happiness;italsorevealsman'sfrustrationinrealizingthehighaspirationsinahostilemoralorder.Thelastscene,inwhichFaustusconfrontshisdoom,brilliantlyrendersthefear&agonyofacondemnedman.TheJewofMalta(about1589)illustratesMarlowe'soutstandingportrayalofcharacter.Itshero,BarabastheJew,servedasthemodelforShylockinShakespeare'sTheMerchantofVenice.,EdwardⅡ。Itishismostdramaticallymatureplay&exhibitshismasteryofcharacterization,stagecraft&rhetoric.Tamburlaineisaplayaboutanambitious&pitilessTartarconquerorinthefourteenthcenturywhorosefromashepherdtoanoverpoweringKing.Bydepictingagreatherowithhighambition&sheerbrutalforceinconqueringoneenemyafteranother,MarlowevoicedthesupremedesireofthemanoftheRenaissanceforinfinitepower&authority.3.Achievements:theblankverse&madeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdrama.secondachievementishiscreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.Hisinfluence:Amanofwidelearning,Marlowewasoneoftheextraordinarypoets&playwrightsofhistime.Marlowe'smightyline,asBenJonsoncalledhisblankverse,wasoneofthemostimportantcontributionstotheartofEnglishliterature.4.应用Dr.FaustusTheselectionofActⅠfromDr.FaustusismainlyaboutFaustusisshowinghisgreatambition,thatis,ifhehadmanysouls,hewouldgivethemalltotheDevilsothathecouldcontroltheworld.InportrayingFaustus,amoreintrospective&philosophicalfigurethanTamburlaine,Marlowepraiseshissoaringaspirationforknowledgewhilewarningagainstthesinofprid3esinceFaustus'sdownfallwascausedbyhisdespairinGod&trustinDevil.Ⅲ.WilliamShakespeareWilliamShakespearewasthegreatestwriterofplayswhoeverlived.Hisfriend&fellowplaywrightBenJonsonsaidthatShakespearewasnotofanagebutforalltime.The18th-centuryEnglishessayistSamuelJohnsondescribedhisworkasthemirroroflife.The19th-centuryEnglishpoetSamuelTaylorColeridgespokeofmyriad-mindedShakespeare.The20th-centuryEnglishdramatistGeorgeBernardShawstressedhisenormouspoweroverlanguage.3.领会HisInfluence1)ContributionstolanguageManywordsandcommonlyusedphraseshavebeenaddedtoeverydayEnglishvocabularythroughtheirappearanceinShakespeare'sworks.2)EffectsonliteratureShakespeare'splays&poetryhavehadapervasiveinfluenceonworldliterature.Mostofthegreatliteraryfiguresoftheworldhavebeeninspired&stimulatedbyhisachievement.Onthewhole,however,Shakespeare'scontributionhasbeentothelanguage&spiritoflaterwritingratherthantoitsform.References¶llelstoShakespeare'sphraseologyhaveoccurredinliteraturesincethe16thcentury.PerhapsthegreatestinspirationtosubsequentauthorshasbeenShakespeare'scapacitytodepictlifeinallitscomplexity&toilluminateman'scharacter&destiny.1)DramaA.TheMerchantofVeniceTheme:topraiseth