英语必修五-Unit-1-Great-Scientists

人教课标高二必修5Unit11.Togetsomeinformationaboutsomefamousscientists2.TounderstandthepassageJohnSnowdefeats“KingCholera”3.TosummarisethemainideaandretellthestagesforJohnSnow’sresearch4.ToknowhowtoprotectpeoplefrominfectiousdiseasesTherearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Canyounamesomeofthem?Whatdoyouknowaboutgreatscientists?1.Whodiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?Archimedes(287-212BC)Archimedes’principle阿基米德定律(浮力)Levers(杠杆)Hisgreatfindings:Givemeaplacetostand,andIshallmovetheworld.——ArchimedesIfyouputanobjectintowaterthewaterpushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyfloats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?TheOriginofSpeciesCharlesDarwin(1808-1882)BritishauthorItexplainshowplantsandanimalschangedovertimetofitinwithachangingenvironment.3.Whoinventedthefirststeamengine?ThomasNewcomen(1663-1729),British4.Whousedpeas豌豆toshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?GregorMendel孟德尔(1822-1884),Czech（捷克人）5.Whodiscoveredradium?ShewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrize,thefirstpersonandonlywomantowintwice.MarieCurie(1867-1934)PolishandFrenchThediscoveryofradiummeantthatshebegananewscientificareaofresearch.6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?ThomasEdison(1847-1931)AmericaninventorInventions:Phonograph留声机Lightbulb电灯泡Motionpicturecamera电影摄影机7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Italianartistmasterpieces8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?SirHumphryDavy(1778-1829),Britishthesafelampforminers9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?inventedthefirstseismograph地动仪ZhangHeng(78-139),Chinese10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?StephenHawking(1942-2018)BritishscientistHehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.11.Whodiscoveredartemisinin(alsoknownasqinghaosu)?TuYouyou(1930-)ChinesescientistSheisthefirstChineseNobellaureateinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrizeinanycategory,aswellasthefirstChinesepersontoreceivetheLaskerAward(拉斯克医学奖——美国最具声望的生物医学奖项).1.Doyouknowhowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?Discussinsmallgroupsthestagesinsettingoutanewscientificidea.Whatorderwouldyouputthemin?DrawaconclusionThinkofamethodCollectresultsMakeaquestionFindaproblemAnalysetheresultsFindsupportingevidencePleaseputthe7stagesinrightorderaccordingtothepassage.2.Whatdoyouknowaboutinfectiousdiseases?Whatdoyouknowaboutcholera?Choleraistheillnesscausedbyabacterium(细菌)calledVibriocholerae.Itinfectspeople’sintestines(肠),causingdiarrhea(腹泻),vomitingandlegcramps(腿抽筋).Peopleevendiequicklyfromalossofliquid.infecttopassadiseasetoaperson,animalorplant（疾病）传染，感染Allthetomatoplantsareinfectedwithavirus.所有的西红柿植株都染上了一种病毒。Sevencholerapandemicshaveoccurredinthepast200years.Let’stakethethirdcholerapandemic(霍乱大流行)(1852–1860)asanexampletoseeits“power”.PlaceDeathsRussiaonemillion1858-1860Tokyo,Japan100,000–200,0001854Chicago3,5001853–1854London10,7391854–1855Spainover236,000Mexico200,000Becauseofsomescientists’greateffortsnowthecholeraisnotasseriousasthattime.Doyouknowwhomweshouldthank?JohnSnow.BornDiedFieldsAchievement15March1813(York,UK)16June1858(London,UK)Epidemiology(流行病学)Hewasconsideredoneofthefathersofmodernepidemiology.theadoptionofanesthesia(麻醉剂)3.Lookatthepicture,themapandthetitleandpredictthecontentofthereadingpassage.Thenskimitquicklytoseeifyouareright.JohnSnowReadthetextquicklyandcompletethemainideaofit.Thetextismainlyabout___________andhowhe_______________.JohndefeatedcholeraSnowReadthepassageandnumbertheseeventsintheorderthattheyhappened.__JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.__AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.__JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.__Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.__JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.__KingCholerawasdefeated.__Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.__Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.12345678Readthetext“JohnSnowDefeats‘KingCholera’”carefully,andfillintheblanks.HowJohnSnowdefeats“KingCholera”FindingaproblemThousandsofpeoplediedofcholera,butnobodyknewthe1.________oftheseriousdisease.Testingtwotheories★Theoryone:Cholera2.________intheairandfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.★Theorytwo:Thediseasewentintopeople’sbodiesthroughtheir3.________.ThinkingofamethodHegatheredinformationfromthecholeraattacktoprovethatthesecondtheorywascorrect.causemultipliedmealsCollectinginformation★He4.________onamaptheplaceswheredeadpeoplehadlived.★Hefoundmanyofthedeathswerenearthe5.__________inBroadStreet.★Hediscoveredpeoplewhohadn’tdrunkthewaterweren’tsick.AnalysingtheresultsHelookedintothe6.________ofthewatertoseeifthecausewasthewaterfromthepump.markedwaterpumpsourceFindingsupportingevidencePeoplediedofcholeraafterdrinkingthepollutedwater.Drawingaconclusion★Pollutedwatercarriedthe7.________.★Thesourceofallthewatersuppliessh