美国海军宙斯盾弹道导弹防御(BMD)计划：背景和问题

CRSReportforCongressPreparedforMembersandCommitteesofCongressNavyAegisBallisticMissileDefense(BMD)Program:BackgroundandIssuesforCongressRonaldO'RourkeSpecialistinNavalAffairsJune10,2010CongressionalResearchService7-5700(BMD)ProgramCongressionalResearchServiceSummaryTheAegisballisticmissiledefense(BMD)program,whichiscarriedoutbytheMissileDefenseAgency(MDA)andtheNavy,givesNavyAegiscruisersanddestroyersacapabilityforconductingBMDoperations.UndercurrentMDAandNavyplans,thenumberofBMD-capableNavyAegisshipsisscheduledtogrowfrom20attheendofFY2010to38attheendofFY2015.MDAandNavyplansalsocallforanincreasingportionoftheNavy’sBMD-capableAegisshipstobeequippedwithnewerandmorecapableversionsoftheAegisBMDsystem.BMD-capableAegisshipsoperateintheWesternPacificandthePersianGulftoprovideregionaldefenseagainstpotentialballisticmissileattacksfromcountriessuchasNorthKoreaandIran.TheAdministration’sPhasedAdaptiveApproach(PAA)forBMDoperations,announcedinSeptember2009,callsforoperatingBMD-capableAegisshipsinEuropeanwaterstodefendEuropefrompotentialballisticmissileattacksfromcountriessuchasIran.Someobserversareconcerned—particularlyfollowingtheAdministration’sannouncementofitsintentiontouseAegis-BMDshipstodefendEuropeagainstpotentialballisticmissileattacks—thatdemandsfromU.S.regionalmilitarycommandersforBMD-capableAegisshipsaregrowingfasterthanthenumberofBMD-capableAegisships.TheyarealsoconcernedthatdemandsfromU.S.regionalmilitarycommandersforAegisshipsforconductingBMDoperationscouldstraintheNavy’sabilitytoprovideregionalmilitarycommanderswithAegisshipsforperformingnon-BMDmissions.ThereisalsosomeconcernregardingtheadequacyofplannednumbersofSM-3missiles—theinterceptormissilesusedbyAegisshipsforconductingBMDoperations.TheAegisBMDprogramisfundedmostlythroughMDA’sbudget.TheNavy’sbudgetprovidesadditionalfundingfortheprogram.MDA’sproposedFY2011budgetrequestsatotalof$2,161.6millionfortheAegisBMDprogram.FY2011issuesforCongressincludewhethertoapprove,reject,ormodifytheFY2011MDAandNavyfundingrequestsfortheAegisBMDprogram,andwhethertoprovideMDAortheNavywithadditionaldirectionconcerningtheprogram.FY2011optionsforCongressregardingtheAegisBMDprograminclude,amongotherthings,thefollowing:acceleratingthemodificationofAegisshipstoBMD-capableconfigurations,increasingprocurementofnewAegisdestroyers,increasingprocurementofSM-3missiles,andprovidingfundingforintegratingtheSM-2BlockIVBMDinterceptormissileintothe4.0.1versionoftheAegisBMDsystem.NavyAegisBallisticMissileDefense(BMD)ProgramCongressionalResearchServiceContentsIntroduction................................................................................................................................1Background................................................................................................................................1NavyAegisShips..................................................................................................................1Ticonderoga(CG-47)ClassAegisCruisers......................................................................2ArleighBurke(DDG-51)ClassAegisDestroyers............................................................2ProjectedAegisShipForceLevels..................................................................................3AegisShipsinAlliedNavies...........................................................................................3AegisBMDSystem..............................................................................................................3VersionsofAegisBMDSystem......................................................................................3AegisBMDInterceptorMissiles.....................................................................................4AegisAshoreSites................................................................................................................5PlannedQuantitiesofShips,AshoreSites,andInterceptorMissiles.......................................6HomePortsofBMD-CapableAegisShips............................................................................7AegisBMDFlightTests........................................................................................................7Administration’sPhasedAdaptiveApproach(PAA)forBMD...............................................8AlliedParticipationandInterestinAegisBMDProgram.......................................................9Japan..............................................................................................................................9OtherCountries...............................................................................................................9MDAFundingForAegisBMDPrograminFY2011-FY2015..............................................10IssuesforCongress...................................................................................................................12DemandsforBMD-CapableAegisShips.................................................................