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Linux()(:)catcdchmodchowncpcutcatcat[-AbeEnstTuv][--help][--version]fileNamefileName-n--number1-b--number-nonblank-n,-s--squeeze-blank,-v--show-nonprintingcat-ntextfile1textfile2textfile1textfile2cat-btextfile1textfile2textfile3textfile1textfile2textfile3:cd::cd[dirName]:dirNamedirName,homedirectory(login).,~homedirectory,.,..:/usr/bin/:cd/usr/binhomedirectory:cd~:cd../..:chmod::chmod[-cfvR][--help][--version]modefile...:Linux/Unix:,,chmod:mode:,:[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxX]...][,...],u,g(group),o,a+,-,=r,w,x,X-c:,-f:-v:-R:()--help:--version::file1.txt:chmodugo+rfile1.txtfile1.txt:chmoda+rfile1.txtfile1.txtfile2.txt,,:chmodug+w,o-wfile1.txtfile2.txtex1.py:chmodu+xex1.py:chmod-Ra+r*chmodchmod777filechmodabcfilea,b,c,User,Group,Otherr=4,w=2,x=1rwx4+2+1=7rw-4+2=6r-x4+1=7chmoda=rwxfilechmod777filechmodug=rwx,o=xfilechmod771filechmod4755filenameroot:chown:root:chmod[-cfhvR][--help][--version]user[:group]file...:Linux/Unix,chown,(root),,(root):user:IDgroup:(group)-c:,-f:-h:(link),link-v:-R:()--help:--version::file1.txtusersjessie:chownjessie:usersfile1.txtuserslamport:chmod-Rlamport:users*cpcp[options]sourcedestcp[options]source...directory,:-a,-rsource,-f,aaa(),bbb:cpaaabbbCFinished:cp*.cFinishedcutcut-cnum1-num2filenamenum1num2shellcatexampletest2thisistest1shellcut-c0-6example##print6test2thisi:find:expression,,,,,findpathexpression,-(),!path,expressionpath,expression-printexpression,-mount,-xdev:,-aminn:n-anewerfile:file-atimen:n-cminn:n-cnewerfile:file-ctimen:n-empty:-gidnor-groupname:gidngroupname-ipathp,-pathp:p,ipath-namename,-inamename:nameiname-sizen:n,b512,c,kkilobytes,w-typec:cd:c:b:p:f:l:s:socket-pidn:processidn(),exp1-andexp2!expr-notexprexp1-orexp2exp1,exp2:c#find.-name*.c#find.-ftypef20#find.-ctime-20lessless[Option]filenamelessmore,,less,less,,(vi):ln::ln[options]sourcedist,option:[-bdfinsvF][-Sbackup-suffix][-V{numbered,existing,simple}][--help][--version][--]:Linux/Unix,(link),,:(hardlink)(symboliclink),,,,lnsourcedist(dist)source,,-f:dist-d:-i:dist-n:,dist-s:(symboliclink)-v:-b:-SSUFFIX:SUFFIX-VMETHOD:--help:--version::yysymboliclink:zzln-syyzzyyhardlink:zzlnyyxxlocatelocate[-q][-d][--database=]locate[-r][--regexp=]locate[-qv][-o][--output=]locate[-e][-f][-l][-c][-U][-u]locate[-Vh][--version][--help]locate,,distribution,contab#locateyour_file_name-u-U,-u,-U-e-l1,,locate-f,proc-q,-n-r-o-d-h-v-Vlocatechdrv:chdrvlocate-n100a.out:a.out,100locate-u::ls::ls[-alrtAFR][name...]:)-a(ls.,)-l,,,,-r()-t-A-a,.()..()-F*,/-R,s,:ls-ltrs*/bin:ls-lR/bin/,*:ls-AFmoremore[-dlfpcsu][-num][+/pattern][+linenum][fileNames..]cat,,space,bback,vi,,h-num-d,[Pressspacetocontinue,qtoquit.],,[Presshforinstructions.]-l^L-f,,-p,-c-p,-s,-uTERMterminal+/pattern,+numnumfileNames,more-stestfiletestfile,more+20testfile20testfilemvmv[options]sourcedestmv[options]source...directory,-i,aaabbb:mvaaabbbCFinished:mv-i*.crmrm[options]name...:-i-f,,-rC:rm-i*.cFinished:rm-rFinishedrmdirrmdir[-p]dirName-p,,AAA:rmdirAAABBB,TestTest,BBB,BBBrmdir-pBBB/Testsplitsplit[OPTION][INPUT[PREFIX]]INPUT,PREFIXaa,PREFIXab...PREFIX`xINPUT`-,:-b,--bytes=SIZESIZE,byte-C,--line-bytes=SIZE,byte-l,--lines=NUMBERNUMBER-NUMBER-lNUMBER--verbose,--help--versionSIZE:b512,k1K,m1MegPostgresSQLPostgres,dump,split%pg_dumpdbname|split-b1m-filename.dump.%createdbdbname%catfilename.dump.*|pgsqldbnametouchtouch[-acfm][-rreference-file][--file=reference-file][-tMMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]][-dtime][--date=time][--time={atime,access,use,mtime,modify}][--no-create][--help][--version]file1[file2...]touchls-lamc,--no-createf,unixr,--filed,t,date--no-create--help--version,,touchfiletouchfile1file2file56183,date,MMDDHHmm,touch-c-t05061803filetouch-c-t050618032000filefilereferencefiletouch-rreferencefilefilefile56183,am,pm24,6May2000touch-d6:03pmfiletouch-d05/06/2000filetouch-d6:03pm05/06/2000file:at::at-V[-qqueue][-ffile][-mldbv]TIME:atTIME,TIMEHH:MMHH,MM,am,pm,midnight,noon,teatime(4),MMDDYYMM/DD/YY,MM,DD,YY,now+,,todaytomorrowenter,at,ctrl+D,:-V:-q:(Queue),atqueue,queue,queuea,b,c...zA,B,...Z52-m:/,-ffile:,-l:(atqat-l)-d:(atrmat-d)-v::5/bin/ls:at5pm+3days/bin/ls5/bin/ls:at5pm+2weeks/bin/ls17:20/bin/date:at17:20tomorrow/bin/date1999theendofworld!at23:5912/31/1999echotheendofworld!calcal[-mjy][month[year]],(1-9999),``cal89\1989,175293,,10,:-m:-j:,-y:cal:[root@mylinux/root]#dateTueAug1508:00:18CST2000[root@mylinux/root]#calAugust2000SuMoTuWeThFrSa12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031[root@mylinux/root]#cal2001:2001[root@mylinux/root]#cal20012001JanuaryFebruaryMarchSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSa123456123123789101112134567891045678910141516171819201112131415161711121314151617212223242526271819202122232418192021222324282930312526272825262728293031AprilMayJuneSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSa12345671234512891011121314678910111234567891516171819202113141516171819101112131415162223242526272820212223242526171819202122232930272829303124252627282930JulyAugustSeptemberSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSaSuMoTuWeThFrSa123456712341891011121314567891011234567815161718