2012届步步高高考英语大二轮专题复习与增分策略课件：单项填空11、常考常新的定语从句

十一、常考常新的定语从句诊断与对策一轮诊断Ⅰ.选择方框内的词填空when，that，which，why，where，who1.Forthose____studythedevelopmentofintelligence(智力)intheanimalworld，self­awarenessisanimportantmeasurement.(2011·大纲全国卷·阅读B)2.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone，______hadseenmanyyearsofservice，butwasnowpastitsbest.(2011·重庆·阅读A)whowhich3.Thepolicehavemovedintoareas_______troubleisexpected.4.Thereisn’tamoment_____I’mnotthinkingofyou.5.Ihatetheway____youneverlookatmewhenyouspeaktome.6.Theremustbeareason___noonehasrepliedtoourmessage.wherewhenthatwhyⅡ.单项填空1.Thepopulationofthevillagenearsea，________，aremakingtheireffortstodevelopeconomyoftheirown.A.nearlyseventypercentofwhichdependonfishingB.ofwhichnearlyseventypercentdependsonfishingC.nearlyseventypercentofwhomdependsonfishingD.ofwhomnearlyseventypercentdependonfishing解析句意为：海边附近的村民，他们中近70%靠捕鱼为生，正在努力发展自己的经济。population是定语从句的先行词，指“全体居民”。D2.—Wheredidyoumeetthefamousactress?—Itwasinthesupermarket________wewentshoppinglastSunday.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.there解析where引导定语从句，修饰supermarket，where在从句中作地点状语，实际上答语为省略句，补全为：ItwasinthesupermarketwherewewentshoppinglastSundaythatImetthefamousactress.。C3.________isknown，Johnstudiesin________isconsideredthebestschoolinthecity.A.Which；whichB.What；whatC.It；whichD.As；what解析句意为：众所周知，约翰在被认为是本市最好的学校上学。第一空为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代表整个主句的意思；第二空为宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填what。因此D项正确。D4.Shemayhavebeencaughtintheheavytraffic，______shewon’tarriveherebyfiveo’clock.A.incaseB.incaseofC.inthatcaseD.inwhichcase解析句意为：她可能陷入交通堵塞了，那样的话，她就不能5点到达了。本题考查定语从句，故D项正确。如果变为并列句，则C项正确。D5.ThousandsofHaitianscheeredastheChinesemedicalteamarrived，manyof________evencriedwithjoy.A.thoseB.themC.whomD.who解析本句既没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故可判断逗号后为非限制性定语从句，故排除A、B两项；本句先行词为thousandsofHaitians，代入定语从句后为：...manyofthethousandsofHaitiansevencriedwithjoy.，由此可知，该先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且指人，故用whom引导，答案为C项。C备考策略1.注意知识积累，掌握基本句型。高考备考时，应加强对从句语法特征和语意特征的思考和学习，形成纯正的英语思维能力。注意相似句型的积累，比较其结构和意义。在平时的阅读过程中，遇到从句的时候，要停下来，考虑分析其功能和意义。2.分析句子成分，判断从句功能。遇到考查句法的题目时，要通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质，确定从句性质后，参考相关从句的用法特点，从而做出取舍；注意标点符号和并列连词的作用。3.掌握从句要点，选择合适的连接词。定语从句中的关系词要作成分，关系代词that，which，as通常作主语或宾语；whose作定语；关系副词where，when，why通常作状语。做题时，首先要分析从句成分，选择合适的连接词。考点与考题考点一“介词＋which/whom”中介词的确定1.与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.＝ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.但像lookfor，lookafter等短语是不可拆开的，故不能将for，after等提前和关系代词连用一起引导定语从句。2.与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。Hebuiltatelescope，throughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.3.“ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。RecentlyIboughtanancientvase，thepriceofwhich(＝whoseprice/ofwhichtheprice)wasveryreasonable.4.“复杂介词＋which/whom”引导定语从句。Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，in_front_ofwhichsatanoldman.5.通过句子的意思来判断。ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity，afterwhichshewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.6.关系副词可以改为“介词＋which”，其中介词要根据和先行词之间的关系来确定。Hewillalwaysrememberthedayonwhich(＝ontheday)hisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.如句中是theyear，则用inwhich(intheyear)来引导定语从句。考题印证1.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures，eachof________usesitsomewhatdifferently.(2011·浙江，8)A.whichB.whatC.themD.those解析考查“不定代词＋of＋which”引导的定语从句。which指代的是cultures。A2.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum，theconstruction________hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.(2011·江西，34)A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich解析考查“名词＋of＋which”引导的定语从句。which指代的是themuseum。C3.Thereare51studentsinClassThree，________failedinthetest.A.allofwhichB.allofthemC.noneofwhomD.noneofthem解析后半句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students，应用whom引导；因为前后两句之间没有并列连词，所以B、D两项不对。C4.Wefoundsomepreciousjarsandvasesinanancienttomb，________youknow，arevaluable.A.eventhepiecesofwhichB.whichevenpiecesC.eventhepiecesofthemD.whoseeventhepieces解析句意为：我们在一座古墓中发现了一些珍贵的罐子和花瓶，你知道，甚至连碎片也很有价值。先行词为jarsandvases，从句表述的是“甚至它们的碎片也是很有价值的”，答案只能选A项。C项应加连词and；D项应改为“evenwhosepieces”。A5.Peoplelivingonthisislanddependontourism，________developmenttherewon’tbemuchwork.A.withoutitsB.withoutwhoseC.bywhichD.withoutwhich解析tourism是先行词，定语从句中development缺少定语，所以用whose引导。由题意知，介词要用without，表示条件。B考点二as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别1.as引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，也可在主句后，有时还可在主句中；which引导的从句只能放在主句后。2.as和which在从句中作宾语时可互换，作系动词或be动词的主语时也可互换，但作实义动词的主语时一般只用which。3.当主、从句在意义上前后自然连贯时，既可用as，也可用which；如果语义不一致或者从句具有转折含义时，则只能用which。4.当关系代词在从句中作宾语且有宾补时，一般用which。5.as一般只代表整句话的内容，而which既可代表整句话的内容，也可指代某一个词或词组。6.以下短语几乎已经成了一种固定搭配：asisoftenthecase，asisknown，asishoped，asissupposed，asisnatural，asisreported，asisannounced，ashasbeensaid，asweknow等。Whichisannouncedintoday’spapers，alltheschoolswillreopenonSeptember1st.(改错)Which→As考题印证1.Shehasmarriedagain，________wasunexpected.A.asB.whichC.thatD.who解析关系代词在从句中作主语，代表整个主句的内容，且前后句之间语意不一致，故此时只能用which引导定语从句。B2.TheBeatles，________manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember，camefromLiverpool.A.whichB.thatC.howD.as解析考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，且先行词为整个主句的内容。which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面，不能插在主句当中，故A项错误。D3.They’vewontheirlastthreematches，________Ifindabitsurprising.A.thatB.whenC.asD.which解析填入的关系代词在定语从句中作find的宾语，且宾语后有补足语(abitsurprising)，故此时只能用which引导定语从句，不用as。D4.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers，________，ofcourse，madealltheothersupset.(2011·北京，26)A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that解析which引导定语从句，且作实义动词的主语，其先行词为整个主句的内容。B考点三