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1 Monica Copyright P7 Advanced Audit and Assurance 背诵：★★★ 理解：★★ 知道：★ ISQC 1 Quality control for firms that perform audits and reviews of financial statements, and other assurance and related services engagements ISA 200 Overall objectives of the independent auditor and the conduct of an audit in accordance with international standards on auditing ISA 220 Quality control in an audit of financial statements ISA 230 Audit documentation ISA 240 The auditor’s responsibilities relating to fraud in an audit of financial statements ISA 250 Consideration of laws an regulations in an audit of financial statements ISA 260 Communication with those charged with governance ISA 265 Communicating deficiencies in internal control to those charged with governance ISA 300 Planning an audit of financial statements ISA 315 (Redrafted) Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement Through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment ISA 330 The Auditor’s Responses to Assessed Risks ISA 402 Audit considerations relating to an entity using a service organisation ISA 500 Audit Evidence ISA 510 Initial audit engagements –opening balances ISA 520 Overall review of the financial statements ISA 530 Audit Sampling 2 Monica Copyright ISA 540 Auditing accounting estimates, including Fair Value accounting estimates and related disclosures ISA 550 Related parties ISA 560 Subsequent events ISA 570 Going concern ISA 580 Written representations ISA 600 Special Considerations – Audits of Group financial statements ISA 610 Using the work of internal auditors ISA 620 Using the work of an auditor’s expert ISA 700 Forming an opinion and reporting on financial statements. ISA 705 Modifications to the opinion in the independent auditor’s report ISA 706 Emphasis of matter paragraphs and other matter paragraphs ISA 710 Comparatives ISA 720 Other information 1.Concept of Audit 审计理念： The ultimate aim of the audit process is for the auditors to be in a position to express their opinion to the shareholders as to whether the financial statements have been prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework.审计过程的昀终目的就是为了向股东发表意见，关于财报在所有重大方面，是否按照报告框架要求来准备的。 举例Opinion In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, (or give a true and fair view of) the financial position of ABC Company as at 31 December 20X1, and (of) its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. 3 Monica Copyright 2.International regulatory environment 问题1：What factors have led to the growth in regulation of the audit profession? 是什么因素导致了审计行业监管要求的提高？ The reputation of the audit profession has, in recent years suffered due to high profile audit failures (eg Enron, Parmalat and Worldcom).审计行业丑闻影响了该行业的声誉，如安然事件 The existence of auditing standards and other regulations should protect/enhance the reputation of the profession amongst all stakeholders by ensuring a consistently high level of work across all firms.审计标准和其他法规的存在，确保业内公司都有一个持续的高水平的工作，从而可以保护/提高行业在不同利益相关者那里的声誉。 Businesses have become more complex and global, and firms have expanded their range of services beyond traditional assurance and tax advice. This has led to a great deal of reexamination of regulatory and standard‐setting structures both nationally and internationally in recent years.贸易正变得愈加复杂和全球化，事务所需要拓展业务，不再局限于传统鉴证业务和税务咨询。这导致了近年来在国内外的监管和标准制定结构方面的大量复审。 3.Money laundering洗黑钱 定义：Money laundering is the process by which criminals attempt to conceal the true origin and ownership of the proceeds of their criminal activity, allowing them to maintain control over the proceeds and, ultimately, providing a cover for their sources of income. 洗黑钱是犯罪分子企图隐瞒其犯罪活动所得的真实来源和所有权的过程，使其能够保持对所得的控制，并昀终为他们的收入来源提供掩护。 International efforts to combat money laundering国际打击洗黑钱的方式 An intergovernmental body, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)反洗钱金融行动特别工作组, was established in 1990 to set standards and develop policies to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. FATF has made 40 recommendations designed to combat money laundering and these have been adopted by more than 180 countries. Money laundering three stages 洗黑钱的3个阶段： Placement 安置 This is when cash obtained through criminal activity is first placed into the financial system. Business owners who have illegally obtained funds can use a cash‐intensive business to mix legitimate cash receipts from business activity with the funds they wish to launder.将犯罪活动所得资金投入公司的资金池，跟正当现金所得混在一起使用，常见于“现金交易频繁”的公司 Layering 分层 This is when cash is disguised by passing it through complex transactions involving many layers, making the transactions difficult to trace. This often involves moving the cash internationally, which adds a layer of complexity to the layering process.将钱转来转去，复杂到难以追踪，昀后掩盖它的犯罪来源 Integration 整合 This is when the illegally gained funds are moved back into the legitimate economy. At this point the fu