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第4讲特殊句式和主谓一致[语法项目(一)特殊句式(倒装句、强调句型和therebe句型)]特殊句式在高考语法填空和短文改错中考查较少，但是作为语法中的一个重点和难点，我们应在备考中给予足够的重视。特殊句式的重要性主要体现在书面表达之中，它们基本上都是高级句式，它们的应用对于提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。(一)倒装句的失分点(单句改错)①(2016·江苏高考)Notuntilrecentlydidtheyencouragedthedevelopmentoftouristrelatedactivitiesintheruralareas.②(2015·天津高考)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficesherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.encouraged→encourageoffice后加did③(2015·湖北高考)Intothecompletesilenceofthewaitingclassdidtheteacher'ssweetvoicecame,“Goodmorning,children.”④(2014·陕西高考)NosoonerhasMoYansteppedonthestagethantheaudiencebrokeintothunderousapplause.come→camehas→had[易错提醒]1．不要把全部倒装误用作部分倒装。当here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,onthewall,intheroom等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。2．不要把部分倒装误用作全部倒装。可分为四个方面：(1)当none,neither,nor,not,never,hardly,little,seldom等否定词，以及由no构成的否定短语如atnotime,bynomeans等置于句首的部分倒装。(2)当“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。(3)在so...that...句式中，当so位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。(4)当as/though表示“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装。(二)强调句型的失分点(单句改错)①(2016·天津高考)Youarewaitingatawrongplace.Itisatthehotelwherethecoachpicksuptourists.②(2015·重庆高考)Bachdiedin1750,butitwasnotuntiltheearly19thcenturywhilehismusicalgiftwasfullyrecognized.③(2014·四川高考)WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolwhyMr.Smithgotangry？where→that或去掉第二个atwhile→thatwhy→that[易错提醒]不要把定语从句或状语从句与强调句型混淆。强调句型的判断方法是：去掉Itis/was和that/who后句子结构依然完整。否则就不是强调句型。注意：被强调的是时间、地点或原因状语时，一律应用that。(三)therebe句型的失分点(单句改错)①TherehavesomepiecesofinformationthatI'dliketosharewithyou.②Thereisgoingtohaveasportsmeetnextweek.③Itisnoneedtogetupearlytomorrow.have→arehave→beIt→There[易错提醒]1．不要把therebe句型误用作therehave。无论therebe句型怎样变形，但其宗旨不变。例如表示“过去常有”应用thereusedtobe。2．在一些固定句式中，不要把therebe中的there与it相混淆。常见的therebe句型有：Thereisnouse/good/sense/point/need/doubt/possibility...；但是注意Itisnowonder/use/good...。[题组练通]Ⅰ.单句改错(短文改错中的常考点)1．(2016·湖南长郡中学等四校联考)Therehasabiglibraryinourschool.2．(2016·成都二次诊断)ItwasjustthenwhenIbegantoworryaboutmysafety.3．(2016·长春外国语学校质检)Onlyinthiswaythestudentsimprovetheirstudyefficiency.4．ItwasthreeyearsagowhentheEnglishClubwasborn.has→iswhen→thatway后加canwhen→that5．(2016·哈尔滨市第三中学模拟)Onceuponatime,itwasaboywhoseparentsnamedhimOdd(古怪的)．6．(2017·张家口市考前模拟)ItwasseveralyearsagoIwatchedBeijingOlympicsbadmintongames.7．Therehaveseveraladvantagesifyouconsultthepersonsyoutrust.it→thereago后加thathave→are8．ItwasmyEnglishteacher'sencouragementwhohelpedmeout.9．(2016·海口市调研测试)Itisnodoubtthatmothersplayavitalroleintheirchildren'sdailylife.10．(2016·河南省八市重点高中质检)Itwasheradvicewhichmademeabetterspeakerandfullofconfidence.who→thatIt→Therewhich→thatⅡ.补全句子(书面表达中的失误点)1．没必要为此担心，因为政府正在尽一切努力提供更多的工作岗位。____________________________itasthegovernmentisnowmakingeveryefforttoprovidemorejobs.2．(2015·湖南高考满分作文)我们学生只有以这种方式才能愉快、有效地学习。Onlyinthiswayhappilyandeffectively.Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutcanwestudentsstudy3．直到失去了健康我们才知道它的价值。Notuntilwelosehealthitsvalue.4．是我们的父母给了我们无条件的爱，这确实值得我们感激和报答。_______________________havedevotedtheirunconditionallovetous,whichindeeddeservesourappreciationandreward.5．护士们不仅想要涨工资还想减少工作时间。Notonlyapayincrease,buttheywantreducedhoursaswell.doweknowIt'sourparentswho/thatdothenurseswantⅢ.句型转换(书面表达中的增分点)1．IrealizedtheimportanceofEnglishwhenIenteredseniorhighschool.→________________________________________________________________________.(强调句型)2．Thechildrencangrowupmentallyandphysicallyhealthyonlyinthisway.→_______________________________________________________________.(倒装句)ItwaswhenIenteredseniorhighschoolthatIrealizedtheimportanceofEnglishOnlyinthiswaycanthechildrengrowupmentallyandphysicallyhealthy3．Shedancedsowellthateveryoneapplaudedwarmly.→________________________________________________(倒装句)4．Henotonlymadeapromise,butalsohekeptit.→(倒装句)5．Youneedn'tworryabouthimasheiscleverandexperienced.→______________________________________________________________.(therebe句型)Sowelldidshedancethateveryoneapplaudedwarmly.Notonlydidhemakeapromise,butalsohekeptit.Thereisnoneedtoworryabouthimasheiscleverandexperienced[语法项目(二)主谓一致][自主练悟](语法填空)①(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo________(be)reallybeautiful.AstudyoftravelsconductedbythewebsiteTripAdvisernamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.分析：根据后文时态可知这里使用一般现在时，介绍客观情况，又因为Yangshuo是第三人称单数，故填is。②(2014·广东高考)We________(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.分析：主语是we，再联系“thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek”可知，空格后面是我们被告知的内容，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填weretold。③(2016·长春市实验中学模拟)Thestressesandworriesthatappearinlife________(be)likethatglassofwater.分析：此句的主语是Thestressesandworries，为复数形式。故填are。④(2016·天水市一中模拟)ThethirdSundayofJune—which________(fall)onJune19thisyearisFather'sDay.分析：which作为定语从句的引导词指代的是先行词ThethirdSundayofJune，为单数形式，根据后文is可知用一般现在时。故填falls。⑤(2016·银川二中模拟)Letthemknowthatthisprojectisimportant,andso________(be)workingasteamtogetitdone.分析：and后面的句子为倒装句，其主语是workingasteam，为单数形式。故填is。⑥(2016·大连市模拟)Neithertheteachernorhisstudents________(know)howtoworkouttheproblem.分析：neither...nor...结构为就近原则，hisstudents离谓语最近，故填know。⑦(2016·南昌市模拟)Mr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,________(be)goingtovisitBeijingnextmonth.分析：此句的主语是Mr.Smith，而togetherwithhiswifeandchildren为介词短语作定语修饰主语。故填is。有人把此