1高中英语语法复习必修四Unit主谓一致主谓一致知识总结归纳(一)概述:主语与谓语的一致:在英语表达中,谓语动词的形式要和主语的人称和数保持一致。主要体现在动词,助动词do,have以及一般现在时态中的动词形式。谓语动词与主语保持一致的基本原则:语法一致,就近一致和意义一致。名词或代词做主语有人称和单,复数之分,动词的单数就是第三人称单数形式,而动词的复数形式动词的原形。例句:1.Iamseventeen,andheissixteen.2.Thereisadeskintheroom,buttherearenochairsinit.3.Johngetsupatsixo’clockeverymorning.4.WhatisthelatestnewsabouttheOlympicGames?5.Thefamilyaresittingatthebreakfasttable.(二)语法一致:1.由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语:(1)这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物,谓语动词用复数形式。例句:①MybrotherandIhavebothseenthatfilm.②BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.③Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.④Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeR’s.(2)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物,谓语动词用单数形式。例句:①Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.②Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.③Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.④Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.⑤Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.⑥Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.⑦Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.⑧ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagofU.S.A.(3)这部分主语前面有each,every,manya,no等修饰时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句:①Eachdoctorand(each)nursewasgivenanewshirt.②Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.③Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.④Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.2.动名词,不定式,主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。2例句:①Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.②Tolivemeanstocreate.③Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.④Whatisneededisfoodandmedicine.3.表示时间,金钱,距离,重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时,被视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。例句:①Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.②Eighthoursofsleepisenough.4.不定代词anyone,anything,everyone,everything,someone,something,noone,nothing,eachtheother等做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例句:①Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?②Someonewantstoseeyou.(三)就近原则由连词or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,连接的两个名词或代词做主语时,谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句:1.EitheryouorJeanistobesenttoNewZealand.2.NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin’smovies.3.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.4.GeorgeorTomiswanted.注意:Therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句:1.Therearen’tanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.2.Thereisalamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.3.Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.名词后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,except,but,like,including,aswellas,ratherthan短语共同做主语时,谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句:1.Allbutonewereherejustnow.2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothatnationasagift.3.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.4.YouaswellasIarewrong.(四)意义一致1.代词none,neither,all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句:(1)Allhopehasgone.(2)Allareagreedonthispoint.(3)—Isthereanymilkinthefridge?—No,thereisnone.(4)Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.2.集合名词group,class,family,army,enemy,team等名词的单,复数形式根据它们强调的内容而定。例句:(1)Theclasswereallcheerful.3(2)Theteamweretakingoversomenewplays.(3)Thegrouparereadingthenewspapers.(4)Thearmyisgoingtoremaininthistown.(5)Thearmyhaverescuedthetravelers.3.限定词短语allof…;noneof…;alotof…;以及分数/百分数+of….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时,谓语动词的形式由of后面的名词形式决定。例句:(1)Noneofthesesuggestionsareveryhelpful.(2)Idon’tthinkanyofuswantstoworktomorrow.(3)Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.难点突破1.主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时,遇到这样的题时,要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。2.oneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。theonlyoneof+复数名词做定语从句的先行词时,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句:Jimwasoneoftheboyswhowerelateforclass.Jimwastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaslateforclass.【典型例题】[例1]E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play分析:带有aswellas短语的名词做主语时,谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致,不受aswellas短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式,故选择A。[例2]EitherJohnorhisfriends_____toblameforthebadresults.A.areB.isC.wasD.hasbeen分析:either…or..连接两个名词做主语时,其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致,本题中hisfriends决定了谓语动词的形式,故选择A。[例3]Theconductorandcomposer_____byacrowdofpeople.A.aregreetedB.isgreetedC.greetsD.havebeengreeted分析:根据句意,主语部分的Theconductorandcomposer是指一个人即:乐队指挥兼作曲家,所以主语的内容是单数形式,故选择B。[例4]—Thetrousers_____youwell,madam.—Butthecolour_____me.A.fit;don’tsuitB.fits;doesn’tsuitC.fits;don’tsuitD.fit;doesn’tsuit分析:trousers,clothes,glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour是单数,谓语用单数,故选择D。[例5]TheSmith’sfamily,which_____ratheralargeone,_____veryfondoftheiroldhouse.A.were;wereB.was;wereC.were;wasD.was;was分析:family指“家庭”为单数,指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which指“家庭”谓语用was.第二空格后的fondof指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子”谓语为were,故选择B。[例6]Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen分析:当定语从句先行词是“oneof+复数形式”时,其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当one4之前有theonly时,定语从句则强调theonlyone,谓语动词用单数。另外,题目中的时间状语forthreeyears表明从句的时态为现在完成时,故选择D。[例7]Threefifthsofthepolice_____intheschoolnearthetown.A.hastrainedB.havetrainedC.hasbeentrainedD.havebeentrained分析:分数+名词做主语时,谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式(可数名词或不可数名词)决定,police是集合名词为复数形式,根据句子意思,police与train为被动关系,应用被动语态,故选择D。短文改错片段:1.Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.分析:本句中主语Nowmypictureandtheprize是复数形式,谓语动词is应改为are.2.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass,butafterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.分析:本句第一行,根据全篇内容的语境,应当是一般现在时,所以谓语动词talked改为talk.第二行:根据句意:我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger应当与主语we一致,改为复数形式,strangers.3.Butnotallinformationaregoodtosociety.分析:主语information是不可数名词,are应改为is【模拟试题】1.—Isthereanybodyintheclassroom?—No,theteacher,t