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:2002203223:(1977-),,,X1,1,2,3(11,150001;21159,150000;31,150080):,X:;;X;:TG14;TG115:A:100124977(2002)0920535206ReviewofNon2destructiveTestMethodsforCastingsDefectXULi1,GANGTie1,ZHANGMing2bo2,GUOLi2wei3(11NationalKeyLaboratoryofAdvancedWeldingProductionTechnology,HarbinUniversityofTechnology,Harbin150001,Heilongjiang,China;21InspectionSectionofState2ownedFactory159,Harbin150000,Heilongjiang,China;31HeatProcessDepartment,MechanicalSchool,HarbinUniversityofScience&Technology,Harbin150080,Heilongjiang,China)Abstract:Withtherapiddevelopmentincarindustry,aerospaceandaviation,thedefectstestingandqualityevaluationforcastingshavebecomesignificantstepsintheindustrialproduction.Andmanyachievementshavebeenacquiredinthefieldofcastingsdefecttestingandrelevanttechniques.Thispa2persummarizestheeffectivetestingmethods,whicharewidelyusedcurrentlysuchasultrasonictesting,radiographyandcomputedtomography.Keywords:castingsdefect;ultrasonictesting;radiography;tomography,,,,,,X,()1X,,,XX2X,X,(),31,,,111(TOFD)InesDukicPredragDukic(TOFD)4TOFD,,1TOFDTOFD(1),,TOFD:535Vol151No19Sep.2002FOUNDRY;,;:,,,;,,,TOFD1()TOFDFig11Areaofpulse2echoexamination(grey)andTOFDscanningdesign112(AR)Hertlin5,100%:,,;,;;,;:100%,;;,;:,,,,,,113,,19401950,,,,1957,Lavender,6,,19851987,Kuppermar,7,8Boveyron1992,9,,1994,Serre10Shie11,,,,10mm(A),,:SS304;,;B,114AdalArasuAl2SiCp12,,,,Pohl13,,,,,CDCD,,,,,,115Stanic635Sep.2002FOUNDRYVol151No19,,,5%14HT200,,(QT60022),,,,15Stelling16(),,:();;;,,,:;;,17,,,C1Hakan1G18,,,,,2X50,,X,X,,211X19MU69,X,2;3X,CCD,:,,,,,,:;(LDA)X,,:X,,,2MU69Fig12HighSpeedFullyAutomaticX2rayInspectionSystemModelMU693X2Fig13HighqualityX2rayimageofanaluminumcastingusingadigitalimagingtechniqueHerbertBoerner20XX:,X,X735:,,X,,X212XHerbert,,,,:,,,X,,,,Herbert,,Kaftandjian21,,:,,(lineardetector),:,,,VISILOG41113MATROX,,,22213C1LehrX25013mm,10%23DomingoMery,24,PXV5000,;,,,CAD25,(),,,90%StreckerX26,X,,(),X/,,,835Sep.2002FOUNDRYVol151No19,,X;,X,X,X(),27,,,,,3X1970,X,1978BAMEMI5005,X,(Ir,Cs,Co)NaI,,,31,2X:,,(),Simon284X,1000,CAD,Feldkamp,,,,(5)(6),X,,,,4XFig14Principleschemeof3Dcone2beamtomography5()Fig15Extractionofa2Dslicefrom3Ddata6Fig16Semi2transparentisosurface(binarizedimage)plotwithmarkedvoids,1982,29XCT,935:43mm,CT1%,,304,X,,,,,,,Feiste,,31,,,,:11M.:.1980:162Kodak.RadiographyinModernIndustryJ.Kodak,London.19803JohnMF.EvaluationofcomputedtomographyJ.MaterialsE2valuation,1990,48(5)4DukicI,DukicP.AdvantagesandlimitationsofTOFDtechniqueincastinginspectionA.Proceedingsofthe15thWCNDTC.Roma:20005HertlinI,DrHeldmannK.Acousticresonanceanalysisinmanu2facturing2processesandpracticalapplicationsA.AnnualNDTConferenceinCelle,Part3C.19996LavenderJD.HistoricalnoteonultrasonicexaminationofsteelcastingsJ.Insight,1996,38(8):5897KuppermanDS,ReimannKJ,Abrego2LopezJ.TheapplicationofultrasonicwavestoassessgrainstructureincaststainlesssteelA.Proceedingsofthe11thWCNDTC.LasVegas,NV.USA:198521120305.16858KuppermanDS,ReimannKJ,Abrego2LopezJ.UltrasonicNDEofcaststainlesssteelJ.NDTInternational,1987,20(3):1451529BoveyronC,VillardD,BoudotR.Ultrasonictestingofcaststain2lesssteelcomponentsA.Proc.ofthe11thInternationalConfer2enceonNDEintheNuclearandPressureVesselIndustriesC.Albuquerque,NewMexico,USA:199220423005202.40340810SerreM,ViardA,MathandeN,etal.UltrasonicNDEtech2niquesenhancementforthecaststainlesssteelcomponentsA.The6thEuropeanConferenceonNDTC.Nice,France:199421122428.83183511SHIENang2chian,CHUShyr2liang.TheultrasonicevaluationofshrinkagedefectsinstainlesssteelcastingingotA.Proceedingsofthe15thWCNDTC.Roma:200012AdalArasu,SatyanarayanaKG,PaiBC.QualityevaluationofcastAl2SiCpcompositesA.Proceedingsofthe14thWCNDT,Part2C.1996.74374613PohlJ,WiedemannD.,PrietzelKO.Ultrasonictestingofcom2positecastingsEB/OL.(4):12012615.J.,1991,13(5):13513616StellingHA.UltrasonictestingofcastingsJ.GiessEreiforschung,1982,(3):879517,,.J.,1998,(5):131618HakanCG,BirandAydinmakina.Non2destructivecharacterisa2tionofnodularcastironsbyultrasonicmethodA.Proceedingsofthe15thWCNDTC.Roma:200019FrankBrant.TheuseofX2rayinspectiontechniquestoimprovequalityandreducecostsJ.NDT.net,2000,5(5)20HerbertBoerner,HelmutStrecker.AutomatedX2rayinspectionofaluminumcastingJ.IEEETrans.onP.A.M.I.,1988,10(1):799121ValerieKaftandjian,ZHUYue2min,GillesPeix,etal.Auto2maticinspectionofaluminumingotsbydigitalradioscopyA.Proceedingsofthe14thWCNDT,Part3C.NewDelhi:1996.1335133822ValerieKaftandjian,ZHUYue2min,etal.Automaticrecognitionofdefectsinsidealuminumingotsbyx2rayimagingJ.Insight,1996,38(9):61862523LehrC,FeisteKL,SregemannD,etal.Threedimensionalde2fectanalysisusingstereoradioscopybasedoncameramodellingA.Proceedingsofthe7thECNDT,Part5C.1998.262924DomingoMery,DieterFilbert.Improvementinautomatedalu2minumcastinginspectionbyfindingcorrespondenceofpotentialflawsinmultipleradioscopicimagesA.Proceedingsofthe15thWCNDTC.Roma:200025TimothyS,Newman,AnilKJain.Asystemfor3DCAD2basedinspectionusingrangeimagesJ.PatternRecognition.1995,28(10):155515