however用法详解

however用法详解一、考点描述however是高考英语中一个十分重要的考点，近几年来每年的各省考题均有所涉及。请看两道典型高考真题：1.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnight’ssleep_____muchworkyouhavetodo.A.howeverB.nomatterC.althoughD.whatever【分析】答案选A。however作连接副词时，与nomatterhow相当，后接形容词或副词，意为“无论……”“不管……”。句意是：不管你有多少工作要做，你都应该好好休息一个晚上。2.Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_____difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverD.although【分析】答案选A。因difficult是形容词，修饰形容词要用连接副词however(无论如何，不管多么)，引导一个让步状语从句。二、用法详解不管however以何种形式出现在高考题中，它都不外乎以下两种用法。1.用作副词(1)表示让步：意为“无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。如：Phonemewhenyouarrive,howeverlateitis.你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。Howevermuchheeats,henevergetsfat.不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。Howevercolditis,healwaysgoesswimming.不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。Youwon’tmovethestone,howeverstrongyouare.不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头。Howeverfaritis,lintendtodrivetheretonight不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。用于此用法时，请注意以下几点：①此用法属however所有用法中最重要的考点，同学们务请引起高度重视。②这样用的however与nomatterhow大致同义。如：Peoplealwayswantmore,however[nomatterhow]richtheyare.人总是富了还想再富。However[Nomatterhow]hardIworked,shewasneversatisfied.无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。③有时从句谓语可用情态动词。如：Don’tlaugh,howeverfunnyitmaybe.无论多么有趣也不要笑。I’lltrytofinishitintime,howeverharditmaybe.无论多么难，我也要按时完成。④“however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语”有时可以有所省略。如：Irefuse,howeverfavorabletheconditions.不管条件如何有利，我都不干。(conditions后省去了are)I’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmall(itis),thansharearoom.无论房间多么小，我宁愿一个人住一间，而不愿意与别人合住一个房间。Agrammarrule,howevertrue(itis),isuselessunlessitcanbeunderstood.一条语法规则，不管如何正确，除非能懂，否则毫无用处。(2)表示转折：尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍然”等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。如：Myfather,however,didnotagree.但是，我父亲不同意。Myroomissmall;however,it’scomfortable.我的房间很小，但却很舒服。Hesaidthatitwasso;hewasmistaken,however.他说情况如此，可是他错了。注：however不能像but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子(注意正句中的标点符号)。如：我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。误：Wealltriedourbest,howeverwelostthegame.正：Wealltriedourbest,butwelostthegame.正：Wealltriedourbest;however,welostthegame.正：Wealltriedourbest.However,welostthegame.(3)表示惊奇或强调：相当于however的用法，其意为“究竟怎样，到底以什么方式”。如：Howeverdidyougetherewithoutacar?没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢?Howeverdoeshemanagetowritemusicwhenheissodeaf?他聋成这个样子，究竟是怎样从事作曲的呢?2.用作连词用作连词，引导方式状语从句，表示“无论以何种方式”“不管怎样”。如：Howeveritmaybe,Ishalltakeyourword.无论如何，我将会相信你的话。HoweverIapproachedtheproblem,Icouldn’tfindasolution.这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。Howeveryoutravel,it’lltakeyouatleasttwodays.无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。Thepaintinglookswronghoweveryoulookatit.这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。三、命题切入点高考以however切入命题的可能性主要有两个方面：1.直接考查however的用法。如考查其句型结构(尤其是词序)，考查它与其他相似词语whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,whoever等在用法和意义上的区别。如：(1)_____richonemaybethereisalwayssomethingonewants.A.whateverB.WheneverC.HoweverD.Wherever【分析】答案选C。however用于修饰形容词rich，在意义上相当于nomatterhow。(2)Weshouldreportanyincident,_____.A.howeverseriousorminoritisB.howseriousorminorisitC.itishowseriousorminorD.itishoweverseriousorminor【分析】答案选A。however引导让步状语从句时的语序为“however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”。(3)_____Isay,healwaysdisagrees.(from)A.HoweverB.whateverC.WhicheverD.Whoever【分析】答案选B。whatever在此用作动词say的宾语，在意义上相当于nomatterwhat。(4)_____shegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.A.WhereverB.HoweverC.WhicheverD.Whoever【分析】答案选A。根据句意可知，说话者强调的是地点，故用wherever。2.用however作为干扰项进行考查。如：Anawfulaccident_____,however,occurtheotherday.A.doesB.didC.hastoD.hadto【分析】此题正确答案应选B，句末的theotherday意为“前几天”，所以句子应用过去时态，而选项D不合题意，故选B。此句有两个难点：一是句中插有however一词，分散了同学们的注意力；二是所填选项B为许多同学所不熟悉的强调用法。