2011届中考英语专题复习四:数词、冠词考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1.不定冠词a与an的用法2.定冠词the的用法3.零冠词4.基数词的用法5.序数词的用法【名师点睛】一.冠词的用法冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。A(an)叫不定冠词,the叫定冠词。A用在辅音之前,an用在元音之前。1.不定冠词的用法(1)a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.(2)指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如:Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.(3)指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或和物。例如:Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.(4)表示“每一”的意思,相当于every。例如:Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.2.定冠词用法(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.(3)上文提到过的人或事物。例如:YesterdayJohn’sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如:Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。例如:ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容词之前,表示某一类人或事物。例如:Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.(7)用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如:theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。(8)用在姓氏复数之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫妇”。例如:theBrowns,thewhites等。3.不用冠词的情况(1)某些专有名词,抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。例如:China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名词前已有作定语用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代词时,不用冠词。例如:Thatismycap.Ihavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.(3)复数名词表示一类人或事物时,不用冠词。Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.(4)称呼语前不用冠词,表示头衔和职务的名词前也不加冠词。例如:Idon’tfeelwelltoday,Mother.BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.(5)三餐饭的名称前,球类活动,学科和节目名词前,常不用冠词。例如:Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday.(6)在某些固定词组里,名词之前常不用冠词。例如:Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。二.数词的用法数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。1.基数词的用法(1)基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如:ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.(主语)---Howmanywouldyoulike?---Three,please.(作宾语)ThenineboysarefromTianjing.(定语)Sixplusfouristen.(表语)Wefourwillgowithyou.(同位语)(2)表示一个具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.(3)表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代,例如:Heisinhisearlythirties.Hediedstillinhisforties.Thistookplacein1930s.(4)表示时刻用基数词。例如:Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.表示“几点过几分”,用介词past,但须在半小时以内。例如:tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve表示“几点差几分”用介词to,但分数须在半小时以上。例如:twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten表示“几点几分”还可直接用基数词。例如:sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty2.序数词的用法(1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如:Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets.Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.(2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”,“又一”这样的意思,例如:We'llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime?WhenIsatdown,afourthmanrosetospeak.(3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应,很容易写错,应特别注意。它们是:one---first,two---second,three---third,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth,twelve---twelfth。(4)表示年,月,日时,年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如:1949年十月一日读作:October(the)first,nineteensixty2004年九月十日读作:September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour(5)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母加-s。例如:threefourths,onesecond,twofifths(6)序数词有时用缩写形式:first→1stsecond→2ndthird→3rdfourth→4thtwenty-second→22nd【实例解析】1.About________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifths答案:A。该题考查的是分数的表示法。分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时,分母应加-s,因此应选A。2.Nine_______poundsaweek?That’sverygood.A.hundredofB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundred答案:D。该题考查的是数词的用法。Ninehundred是一个具体的数量,这是数词不能用复数形式,后面也不能加of。所以应选D。3.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_______basketball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填答案:D。该题考查的是冠词的用法。球类运动之前不加冠词,因此应选D。4.Thisis_______songI’vetoldyouabout.Isn’tit_______beautifulone?A.the;theB.a;aC.the;aD.a;the答案:C。该题考查的是冠词的用法。第一个空是特指,特指我给你说过的那首歌,第二个空是表示某一个类别。所以应选C。【中考演练】一..单项填空1.ThismorningIhad________eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./2.---What’sthematterwithyou?---Icaught________badcoldandhadtostayin________.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the3.---Haveyouseen_______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.---Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4._______sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5.Thereis_______“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./6.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_______wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./7.______sunisbiggerthan_______earth.A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;the8.Thereis_______appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an9.Davidhas_______cat.It’sverynice.A.aB.anC.theD./10.I’mreading_______novel.Itis_______interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an11.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundreds’C.threehundred’sD.threehundred12.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo__________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof13.---Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?---_______________.A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths14.---Whatdoyouthinkofawar,LiMing?---I’venoidea.Butit’safactthat_______peoplehadtoleavetheirhometownduringtheWaronIraq.A.threethousandsB.thousandofC.thousandsofD.severalthousands15.Weallthinkthatthe_______centurywillbringusmorehopes.A.twenty-firstB.twentieth-firstC.twenty-one