用于贵金属离子检测的螯合基团

目录摘要.......................................................................................................1Abstract.................................................................................................1第一章引言...........................................................................................21.1研究背景及课题的意义..............................................................21.2螯合吸附剂材料..........................................................................21.2.1螯合树脂..................................................................................................21.2.2纤维素和泡沫塑料...................................................................................31.2.3硅胶和活性炭...........................................................................................31.2.4基于吸附光度法的螯合吸附剂材料.......................................................41.3螯合官能团的设计......................................................................41.3.1环状[N、S、O]/环状[N、O、S]冠醚官能团.......................................41.3.2开环[N、S、O]/开环[N、O、S]冠醚官能团......................................81.3.3基于激态原子的官能团........................................................................121.3.4官能团使用πAg的相互作用.........................................................141.3.5基于卟啉和酞菁的官能团.....................................................................151.3.6使用其它配体的荧光官能团.................................................................171.3.7基于反应的官能团.................................................................................181.3.8基于量子点的官能团.............................................................................181.3.9基于纳米粒子的官能团.........................................................................201.3.10基于聚合物的官能团...........................................................................211.3.11DNA和寡核苷酸官能团使用............................................................23第二章实验部分...............................................................................252.1仪器与试剂................................................................................252.2染料的合成................................................................................262.2.1合成路线.................................................................................................262.2.2中间体2，3，3-三甲基-3H-吲哚的合成..........................................262.2.3N-苄基-2，3，3-三甲基-3H-吲哚啉的合成......................................272.2.4缩合剂2-氯-1-甲酰基-3-羟甲基环己烯的合成...............................272.2.5染料的合成............................................................................................282.3螯合官能团的合成....................................................................282.3.1β，β-二氯三乙醚的合成........................................................................282.3.22，2-(1,2-乙二基双氧代)双乙硫醇的合成.......................................292.3.3[N，S，O]杂冠醚的合成.......................................................................292.4螯合官能团紫外吸收光谱........................................................302.4.1紫外光谱产生的机理.............................................................................302.4.2[N，S，O]杂冠醚螯合官能团在水中的紫外吸收光谱.......................312.5螯合官能团的荧光光谱............................................................312.5.1荧光的机理.............................................................................................312.5.2[N，S，O]杂冠醚螯合官能团的荧光光谱的测定...............................32第三章总结.........................................................................................33致谢...................................................................................................34参考文献.............................................................................................351用于贵金属离子检测的螯合基团的设计与合成摘要：贵金属元素在自然界中的含量极低，研究贵金属离子痕量吸附的分析方法具有重大的意义。虽然近代仪器分析发展较为迅速，但在分析的同时仍然受到大量共存离子的干扰，应此为了提高测定方法的灵敏度,仍必须预先对试样进行分离与富集。在众多的分离富集方法中，螯合吸附剂最为引人注目。通过螯合吸附剂从复杂试样中选择性分离富集贵金属离子，用荧光分光光度计、紫外可见分光光度计，测定相应浓度的贵金属离子的方法已经是一个具有前景研究领域。而螯合官能团，在螯合吸附剂分离富集贵金属离子中充当重要角色。本论文主要集中于螯合吸附剂的前体，即螯合官能团的设计与合成，通过荧光、紫外分析螯合官能团对Ag+离子螯合吸附效果。其中冠醚类官能团，对Ag+离子的痕量吸附效果较好。关键词：Ag+离子螯合官能团荧光、紫外痕量吸附ThedesignandsynthesisofchelatinggroupforthedetectionofpreciousmetalionAbstract:Preciousmetalelementcontentisverylowinnature,theanalysisoftracenoblemetalionsstudiedtheadsorptionofgreatsignificance.Althoughthemorerapiddevelopmentofmoderninstrumentalanalysis,butatthesameanalysisisstillsubjecttoanumberofcoexistingionsinterference,inordertoimprovethesensitivityofthismeasurementmethod,thesamplemuststillbepre-separationandenrichment.Innumerousseparationandenrichmentmethod,chelatingadsorbentsismostremarkable.Bychelatingadsorbentselectiveseparationandenrichmentofpreciousmetalionsfromthecomplexsamples,usingfluorescencespectrophotometer,ultravioletandvisiblespectrophotometer,determinethecorrespondingconcentrationsofpreciousmetalsionmethodisapromisingresearchfield.Andchelatingfunctionalgroups,thechelatingadsorbentACTSasanimportantroleintheseparationandenrichmentofpreciousmetalions.Thispaperfocusesontheprecursorchelatingadsorbent,Thatthedesignandsynthesisofthechelatingfunctionalgroups,byfluoresce