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第16讲被动语态的翻译14.1顺译法TranslationinOriginalOrder14.1.1顺译成被动句1.译成“被”字句Theyaredeprivedoftheirrights.他们被剥夺了权利。Hewasbeatenblackandblue.他被打得青一块紫一块。ThenovelIhadthrownawaywaschosenbytheBookSociety.我一度扔掉的那部小说后来被书社选中。Iftheschemeisapproved,workontheprojectwillstartimmediately.如果方案被批准了，工程将即刻动工。2.译成“挨”字句Thistimehewastippedoverbyhisbuddies.这次他挨了哥儿们一顿揍。Thelittleboywascriticizedthreetimeslastweek.这个小男孩上周挨了三次批评。3.译成“给，叫，让，由，受，遭到，受到，予以，加以，为...所“等Hisfatherwaskilledbeoforeliberation.他爹在解放前给杀害了。Partorallofthelightmaybereflected,absorbed,ortransmittedbythethingorobjectthatcomesintoitsway.一部分光或全部的光可能给挡住其去路的东西或物体说反射、吸收或投射。Ourroofwasdamagedinlastnight'sstorm.在作业的暴风雨中，我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.我们的对外政策受到了世界人民的支持。Thefinishedproductsmustbecarefulyinspectedbeforedelivery.商品出厂前必须仔细地予以检查。Thelawsofmotionwillbediscussedinthenextarticle.运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。Theatomictheroywasnotaccepteduntilthelastcentury.院子学说知道上世纪才为人们所接受。Thecropswerewashedawaybytheflood.庄稼让洪水冲毁了。Historyismadebythepeople历史是由人民创造的。PracticeThosewhoperformdeedsofmeritwillberewarded.Translationtechniquesshouldbepaidenoughattentionto.Whenwewerefirstcaptured,myownreactionwasmainlyinfearandsuspicion.Hewassetuponbytwomaskedmen.Thethreemachinescanbecontrolledbyasingleoperator.Problemsshouldberesolvedingoodtime.Thisnewtheoryhasnowbeenadoptedbymanyscientistswhoaresearchinglifeinouterspace.Thereactionarytroopsarebeinghiteverywhere.Thosewhoperformdeedsofmeritwillberewarded.立功的人将受到奖励。Translationtechniquesshouldbepaidenoughattentionto.翻译技巧应予以足够的重视Whenwewerefirstcaptured,myownreactionwasmainlyinfearandsuspicion.我们刚被俘时，我本能的反应主要是又害怕又怀疑。Hewassetuponbytwomaskedmen.他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。Thethreemachinescanbecontrolledbyasingleoperator.这三台机器可以由一人单独操纵。Problemsshouldberesolvedingoodtime.问题应该及时加以解决。Thisnewtheoryhasnowbeenadoptedbymanyscientistswhoaresearchinglifeinouterspace.这一新理论现在已为许多寻找外层空间生命的科学家说采纳。Thereactionarytroopsarebeinghiteverywhere.反动派的军队到处挨打。14.1.2顺译成主动句1.顺译成形式上是主动，意义上是被动的句子Hewasassassinatedinatheaterlastnight.他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.他的腿在一次事故中折断了。Thethingmustbehandledwithcare.这东西必须轻拿轻放。Abaldheadissoonshaven.光头好剃。2.是...的China-inkstainscannotbewashedout.墨汁斑渍是洗不掉的。Rainbowsareformedwhensunlightpassesthroughsmalldropsofwaterinthesky.彩虹是在阳光透过填空中的小水滴形成的。PracticeThesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyeradicated.Thequalityofourproductshasbeengreatlyimproved.Mostofthequestionshavebeensettledsatisfactorily,andonlyafewquestionsofsecondaryimportanceremaintobediscussed.Roger,youarewantedonthephone.Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotallyeradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，从来没有完全消除。Thequalityofourproductshasbeengreatlyimproved.产品质量有了很大的提高。Mostofthequestionshavebeensettledsatisfactorily,andonlyafewquestionsofsecondaryimportanceremaintobediscussed.多数问题已圆满解决，只剩下几个次要问题有待讨论Roger,youarewantedonthephone.罗杰，你有电话Poetsareborn,butoratorsaremade.诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropfromChina.印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。ThefirstexplosiveintheworldwasmadeandusedinChina.世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。14.2倒译法TranslationinReverseOrder14.2.1把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语Wearekeptstrongandwellbycleanair.洁净的空气使我们身体健康。Otherformsofenergycanbechangedtoelectricenergybygenerators.发电机能把其他形式的能转变为电能。Abookwasgiventomebyhim他给了我一本书。14.2.2倒译成汉语的无主句Whentheanthemhadbeenplayed,theCongressbegan.奏完国歌后，大会开始了。Youarehopedtodoitmorecarefully.希望你认真一点做。Thestudentsshouldbeenabledtodevelopmorally,intellectuallyandphysicallyinanall-roundway.必须使学生在德育、智育、体育方面得到全面发展。Greatstrideshavebeentakeninsearchofacure,andpreventativeeffortshavealsobeenmade.治疗方面已大有进步，预防方面也做了很大的努力。PracticeBytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization.Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.HewasregardedasaRepublicanbyeveryone,eventhoughhehadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasanIndependent.Bytheendofthewar800peoplehadbeensavedbytheorganization.大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfire.大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁掉。HewasregardedasaRepublicanbyeveryone,eventhoughhehadalwaysthoughtofhimselfasanIndependent.所有人都把他看做共和党人，尽管他一直认为自己是“无党派人士”。Thematterwasnevermentionedagaineversince.Youhavebeentoldsomanytimesnottomentionthis.Thecomplainswerenotwelllistenedto.Manystrangenewmeansoftransporthavebeendevelopedinthiscentury.Thematterwasnevermentionedagaineversince.从那以后再也没有提起过那件事。Youhavebeentoldsomanytimesnottomentionthis.已经告诉你多少遍不要再提这件事了。Thecomplainswerenotwelllistenedto.没有很好地倾听这些批评意见。Manystrangenewmeansoftransporthavebeendevelopedinthiscentury.在本世纪，发明了许多新奇的交通工具。14.3分译法SplittingTranslation1.It+be+v-ed+thatS+be+v-ed+todo有人，人们，大家，我们等Itisknownthatacommonformofthermometeristhemercurythermometer.大家知道常用哦温度计是水银温度计。Ourteacherwasseentobeworkingintheoffice.有人看见老师在办公室备课。Ithasbeenrealizedthatwildlifeisextremelyimportanttous.人们已经认识到野生动植物对人类是极为重要的。Itisbelievedthattoday'spopmusiccanserveasacreatureforcebystimulatingthethinkingofitslisteners.人们认为，今天的通俗音乐通过刺激听众的思维便能作为一种创造性的力量。PracticeThelectureisconsideredveryimportantforbeginners.Hydrogenisknowntobethelightestelement.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatairlinefoodisawful.Yet,whatwesayherewillnotb