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高智威PREP逻辑解析高智威PREP逻辑解析高智威PREP逻辑解析高智威PREP逻辑解析高智威PREP逻辑解析PracticeTest#1CriticalReasoning(72Questions)1.(24179-!-item-!-188;#058&000705)Althoughfullerenes--sphericalmoleculesmadeentirelyofcarbon--werefirstfoundinthelaboratory,theyhavesincebeenfoundinnature,formedinfissuresoftheraremineralshungite.Sincelaboratorysynthesisoffullerenesrequiresdistinctiveconditionsoftemperatureandpressure,thisdiscoveryshouldgivegeologistsatestcaseforevaluatinghypothesesaboutthestateoftheEarth'scrustatthetimethesenaturallyoccurringfullereneswereformed.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheargument?(A)Confirmingthattheshungitegenuinelycontainedfullerenestookcarefulexperimentation.(B)Somefullereneshavealsobeenfoundontheremainsofasmallmeteoritethatcollidedwithaspacecraft.(C)Themineralshungiteitselfcontainslargeamountsofcarbon,fromwhichthefullerenesapparentlyformed.(D)Thenaturallyoccurringfullerenesarearrangedinapreviouslyunknowncrystallinestructure.(E)Shungiteitselfisformedonlyunderdistinctiveconditions.削弱题à原因：fullerenes要求特别温度和湿度à结论：thisdiscovery可以检测stateoftheearth’scrustatthetimefullereneswereformed.à正确答案作用：此discovery对于检测thestateofEarth’scrustatthetimefullerenes没有用à思考：1.回溯原因：”discovery有没有用”一定与fullerenes相关，因为本题的最根本原因就是fullerenes.因此一定是fullerenes让thisdiscovery不能来检测地壳状态；à选项分析：E:没有提到fullerenes，干掉！;B:有模糊词some，然而文章结论无绝对词，干掉!;C:fullerenes是如何形成的，跟检测thestateofearth’scrust无关；A:是迷惑的选项。confirming矿石含有fullerenes需要仔细实验，说明要在矿石中发现fullerenes挺麻烦，但是并不能说明发现fullerenes会对检测fullerenes产生影响；D:fullerenes晶体结构我们不知道，无法从它来了解thestateofearth’scrust.正确答案！à知识点：确认原因结论，回溯原因，模糊词汇à词汇扩展:fissures,crust,meteorite,crystallineà常难句阅读：高智威PREP逻辑解析高智威PREP逻辑解析ThisdiscoveryshouldgivegeologistsatestcaseforevaluatinghypothesesaboutthestateoftheEarth'scrustatthetimethesenaturallyoccurringfullereneswereformed.2.(24227-!-item-!-188;#058&000711)Economist:Onaverage,theemergencytreatmentforanelderlypersonforinjuriesresultingfromafallcosts$11,000.Anewtherapeuticprogramcansignificantlyreduceanelderlyperson'schancesoffalling.Thoughobviouslydesirableformanyreasons,thistreatmentprogramwillcost$12,500andthuscannotbejustified.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyunderminestheconclusionoftheargument?(A)Amongelderlypeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforonlyafewmonths,thenumberofseriousfallsreportedwashigherthanitwasforpeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforitsrecommendedminimumlengthofoneyear.(B)Fallsresultinginseriousinjuriesarelesscommonamongelderlypeoplelivinginnursinghomesthantheyareamongelderlypeoplewholivealoneathome.(C)Afrequentresultofinjuriessustainedinfallsislong-termpain,medicationforwhichisnotcountedamongtheaverageper-personcostsofemergencytreatmentforelderlypeople'sinjuriesfromsuchfalls.(D)Thenewtherapeuticprogramfocusesontherapiesotherthanmedication,sinceovermedicationcancausedisorientationandhenceincreasethelikelihoodthatanelderlypersonwillhaveaseriousfall.(E)Asignificantportionofthecostofthenewtherapeuticprogramisrepresentedbyregularvisitsbyhealthcareprofessionals,thecostsofwhichtendtoincreasemorerapidlythandothoseofotherelementsoftheprogram.削弱题à原因：thistreatmentprogramwillcost$12,500à结论：cannotbejustified.à正确答案作用：newprogramcanbejustified.à思考：1.回溯原因：newprogram可不可以被justified,决定因素就是cost的高低，所以答案一定跟钱有关系，特别是cost。一定是说newprogram的cost其实不高;à选项分析：A:没有提到钱，并且比较对象在文中未出现：peoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforitsrecommendedminimumlengthofoneyear在文中未出现；B:没有提到钱，并且比较对象在文中未出现:elderlypeoplelivinginnursinghomesD:没有提到钱，并且有范围扩大词“otherthan”,文中确定没有提高除medication之外的其它方式，干掉！E:提到了钱，意思上是说newprogram中的有一部分cost高于另一部分。但是高智威PREP逻辑解析高智威PREP逻辑解析比较对象在文中为出现：hoseofotherelementsoftheprogram.C:老的emergencytreatment的cost，有很大一部分没有被算进去，如果被算进去，老的emergencytreatment的cost就会上升，有可能高于newprogram,那newprogramcanbejustified.正确选项。à知识点：确认原因结论，回溯原因，无关比较，范围扩大词à词汇扩展：therapiesà常难句阅读：Amongelderlypeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforonlyafewmonths,thenumberofseriousfallsreportedwashigherthanitwasforpeoplewhohadfollowedtheprogramforitsrecommendedminimumlengthofoneyear.3.(24275-!-item-!-188;#058&000768)Theprairievole,asmallNorthAmericangrasslandrodent,breedsyear-round,andagroupofvoleslivingtogetherconsistsprimarilyofanextendedfamily,oftenincludingtwoormorelitters.Volescommonlyliveinlargegroupsfromlateautumnthroughwinter;fromspringthroughearlyautumn,however,mostvolesliveinfarsmallergroups.Theseasonalvariationingroupsizecanprobablybeexplainedbyaseasonalvariationinmortalityamongyoungvoles.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestsupportfortheexplanationoffered?(A)Itisinthespringandearlysummerthatprairievolecommunitiesgenerallycontainthehighestproportionofyoungvoles.(B)Prairievolepopulationsvarydramaticallyinsizefromyeartoyear.(C)Theprairievolesubsistsprimarilyonbroad-leavedplantsthatareabundantonlyinspring.(D)Wintersintheprairievoles'habitatareoftenharsh,withtemperaturesthatdropwellbelowfreezing.(E)Snakes,amajorpredatorofyoungprairievoles,areactiveonlyfromspringthroughearlyautumn.加强题à解释：aseasonalvariationinmortalityamongyoungvoles.à现象：Theseasonalvariationingroupsizeà正确答案作用：确实是因为seasonalvariationinmortality导致的seasonalvariationingroupsizeà思考：1.加强解释有两种方式：