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LandreclamationofclosedlandfillsRaffaelloCossu,AnnaArtuso,ElenaCossu•R3CInternationalSymposium,Singapore2011UniversityofPadova•FornodiZoldo-14Marzo2008•2OurexperiencewithdecentralisedwastesystemsTheENERGIANOVAConceptbathroomkitchenfoodwastebrownwatergreywaterPhytotreatmentAnaerobicdigestionunityellow-watershreddergastoenergyuseflushingwaterdishwaterBiodieselproductionSCHEMEINVOLVEDINTHEINVESTIGATION4YellowwaterdepositionYellowwaterflushBrownwaterflushNomixtoiletatIMAGEDepartment5GreywatersYellowwaterBrownwatermixerleveldetectorelectrovalveConstructedWetlandSystem7Testdilaboratoriosulladigestioneanaerobica8EfficienciesofConstructedWetlandsClassicConstructedWetland(Phragmitesaustralisonly)OrnamentalConstructedWetland(specieswithornamentalandaestheticvalue)•9•AnaerobicDigesterFornodiZoldo–14thMarch200810ApplicationtotheBosconeromountainHutte,inZoldoValley,NorthofItalyEnergyCropsResearchprogramSOYBEANRAPESEEDSUNFLOWERSpeciesTotalbiomass(t/haDRY)BiomassdevelopmentRootsweight(t/haDRY)Principalrootlength(cm)RootsdevelopmentintermsofmassintermsoflengthCcontrol85,411,2C1,70,210,77,20,130,65C,G&C0,90,110,46,80,070,61C,S&C0,60,080,36,80,060,61Gcontrol1,40,17G10,7117,79,841,11G,G&C1,20,860,24,51,730,64Scontrol2,70,46,8S1,70,630,28,40,581,24S,S&C1,80,670,350,890,74Mixedpots:worstconditionsforcohabitationofdifferentspeciesResultsgrowthofplantsmoredevelopedthanthecontrollessdevelopedthanthecontrolC=rapeseed;G=sunflower;S=soybean;G&C=sunflowerandrapeseed;S&C=soybeanandrapeseedPlants:C=rapeseed;G=sunflower;S=soybean;Mixedpots:SeC=soybeanandrapeseedGeC=sunflowerandrapeseedResultsremovalefficienciesINTERCONNECTIONSlandfillsocietylandorganization&functionsenvironmentsustainability&matterloopclosinglandscapedimension&morphologyControlledlandfillingisanunavoidablestepinwastemanagementIntroductionIsraeleSapporoSassariConclusionsBarcelona•R3CInternationalSymposium,Singapore2011WasteManagementHierarchyPreventionRe-useEnergyRecoveryLandfillingRecycling/Composting16SustainableWMscenariosLIGHTMBPHEAVYMBPMECHANICALTHERMALPRETREATMENTINSITUTREATMENTAFTER-CAREANAEROBICGASPRODUCTIONFLUSHINGSEMIAEROBIClandfillFORCEDAERATIONFORCEDAERATIONFLUSHINGSEMIAEROBIClandfillTOPCOVERWOWCLOSEDSYSTEMSLANDFILLMINING17timeOPERATIONSaS30300AFTERCAREWASTEMANAGEMENT(fee)CONTAMINATEDSOIL(socialmoney)LongtermlandfillaccumulationtcTraditionallandfillSustainablelandfillSAC(Shorttermpost-closure)landfillSmaxFINALSTORAGEQUALITYControlofsustainabilityandelementsequestration•Pre-treatment&Operationalinsitutreatment•Insitu•treatmentduringactiveaftercare•Longtermpassiveaftercare•Raw•Residue•XS•Sustainability•Finalsink•RQ•XS=Stablesubstances(lignin,humicsubstances,plastics,precipitatesandcomplexes)•SS=Mobilesubstances(cellulose,hemicellulose,fat,undisolvedmetals)•SL=Leachedsubstances(COD,ammonia,heavymetals,chlorides,etc.)•SG=Gasifiedsubstances(CO2,Methane,N2,etc.)•FSQ•BPQ•OQ•Geological•Deposit19SustainablelandfillingAgriculturalsoilRoadconstructionSourceseparationMaterialresourcesEnergyTreatmentResiduesUseProductionDepositonsoilGeologicsinkNo-renewableresourcesENERGYRECYCLINGMATERIALRECYCLINGFSQRQVorefossilfuelsRenewableresources(trees,energy)GlobalWaste-Carbon-ElementsCycleZeroWasteHousingHousingisthreateningourlives:twopeoplewerekilledinFavara,SouthofItaly!HousingHousingispollutingthewater!Housingisanunacceptablesystem,mainlynowadayspracticedindevelopingcountriesIsthistheconclusion?•Wehavetobandhousing!•Zeropeopletohousing!Housing:Thisistheconclusion!Landfilling•Whydowenotapplythesameapproachtolandfilling?•Whydowehavetobanlandfilling?•Whyzerowastetolandfilling?Landfillingisasnecessaryashousingforliving!VERTICALFARM,LONDRAVERTICALFARM,LasVegasIntroductionIsraeleSapporoSassariConclusioniBarcellona•R3CInternationalSymposium,Singapore2011VERTICALFARM,NewYorkBOSCOVERTICALE,MilanoIntroductionIsraelSapporoSassariConclusionsBarcelona•R3CInternationalSymposium,Singapore2011GLOBALPLANNINGwastelandLanduselandLandusewastedisposal-Todaytherearenoremainingareaslefttolandfilling-Wastedisposalshuoldnotbethefinaluseoftheland,…butturnstobeatoolforbuildingnewlandusesIntroductionIsraelSapporoSassariConclusionsBarcelona•R3CInternationalSymposium,Singapore2011Landscaperestoration:thelandfillsiteofBarcelonaIntroductionIsraeleSapporoSassariConclusionsBarcelonaThelandscaperestorationhaswontheEnergy,WasteandRecyclingcategoryatthe2008WorldArchitectureFestivalinBarcelona.LaValld'enJoan“project,designedbySpanisharchitectsBatlleandRoig,hastransformeda150hectareGarraflandfillsite,south-westofBarcelonaintoagreenterracedagriculturallandscape.Barcelona:“LaValld’enJoan”IntroductionIsraeleSapporoSassariConclusionsBarcelonaWorktotransformthesite-thelargestlandfillinSpain-beganin2000andwascompletedin2004.Itisastrikingredrawingofapreviouslyscarredandpollutedlandscape•ThelandfillhasbeenservicingBarcelona'smetropolitanareaforover30years.Morethan20milliontonsofwastewasdepositedinthevalley.Thesitewasclosedin2006.Insomepoints,landfilldepthisover100m•Theideawastocreateasystemofhillsandbanksinordertoavoiderosio