Unit6语法空间定语从句定语从句是中考英语的命题重点之一,但是难度较大,故题量相对较少。考察的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空和完成句子,主要涉及到关系代词和关系副词。此外,在阅读理解和书面表达中,也经常会出现定语从句。定语从句的构成和种类考点11、定语从句的构成方法:首先,要找出先行词;其次,要确定关系代词在从句中的充分,确定先行词;最后要确定关系代词的人称、数、从句的时态和语态。2、关系代词在以下情况下可以省略:关系代词在句子担任动词宾语时;在句中作介词宾语,而且介词在末尾时;在句中作表语时;在therebe句型中;在先行词是way时,既可以用that或inwhich,又可以省略。3、定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,如果删去,将会影响句子意思,其前不加任何标点。非限制性定语从句对先行词起到进一步补充说明的作用,如果删掉,不影响句子意思,通常用逗号把它和其他句子分开。在非限制性定语从句中,不能省略关系代词,也不能用关系代词that。1.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.﹙whom﹚2.Iknowtheboy.Theboy’sfatherisaprofessor.﹙whose﹚3.Thisisthehouse.Welivedinthishouselastyear.﹙where﹚4.Whoistheperson?Thepersonisplayingchessoverthere.﹙that﹚5.I’llneverforgetthetime.Atthattimewestudiedtogether.﹙when﹚考点1专练用括号中所给的关系代词或者关系副词将每组中的两个句子连接起来。Thewomanwhomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Whoisthepersonthatisplayingchessoverthere?I’llneverforgetthetimewhenwestudiedtogether.1、关系代词that可以指代人或者物,只能用在限制性定语从句中,不能用在介词后面,但是当介词位于句末时,可以用that;在指代物时,和which可以通用,在指代人时,可以和who通用。但是在以下场合只能用that,不能用which:①先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词;关系代词和关系副词的用法考点2②先行词被only,no,any,all等词修饰;③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词;④先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词;⑤先行词既包括人又包括物时。2、关系代词who指人,在从句中可以充当主语和宾语,前面不能有介词,如果带介词,必须用宾格的whom。who和that在很多情况下可以通用,但是在以下场合下只能用who:考点2①当先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时;②在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中已经有一个that,另一个如果指代人时;③在therebe开头的句子中;④特殊疑问句的主语是who,后面紧跟定语从句时。3、关系代词whose是代词的所有格,既可以代人又可以代物,放在修饰词之前;当指代物时相当于ofwhich,ofwhich放在修饰词之后。考点24、关系代词which指代物或者前面的一句话,既可用在限制性定语从句又可用在非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中可以和that互换,但是关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。5、关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句,可以放在句首或者句末,一般用在固定句式中,如:asisknowntous,ascanbeseeninthechart,ashasbeensaid,asweallknow等。7、同样的句子意思既可以用关系代词又可以用关系副词,但是表达方式不一样。如:Thisisthehouse﹙that/which﹚Iwasbornin.=ThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.=ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.考点26、关系副词where指代表示地点的先行词,在句中作地点状语。关系副词when,指代表示时间的先行词,在句中作时间状语。关系副词why,指代原因,在句中作原因状语,口语中可和that互换,也可省略,先行词一般是reason。1.DoyouknowissittingbehindNancy?2.ThisistheschoolIstudiedthreeyearsago.3.ThesongsS.H.Esingsareverypopular.4.IknowaladyhusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.5.Idon’tknowthereasonhecamelate.考点2专练根据句意,填写适当的关系代词或者关系副词。whowherewhich/that/不填whosewhy1.﹙2010·四川眉山﹚—DoyouknowtheboyissittingnexttoPeter?—Yes.Heispeter’sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghisbirthday.A.who;ninthB.that;ninethC./;ninethD.which;ninth2.﹙2009·湖北黄石﹚—Mary,doyoulovepopularmusic?—Yes.IlovemusicIcansingalone.A.which;toB.that;withC.what;withD.that;to3.﹙2010·黑龙江鸡西﹚TheoldwomaniswearingapairofglassesMrs.Black.A.which;areB.who;areC.who;is4.﹙2011·山东菏泽﹚I’llneverforgetthedaythegreatscientistcametoourschoolandgaveusaspeech.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where5.﹙2011·浙江杭州﹚Whoisthemanisreadingabookoverthere?A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what6.﹙2010·湖北荆门﹚Thegirlyoutalkedwithattheschoolgateisournewmathteacher.A.whoseB.whichC.whomD.what7.﹙2011·江苏扬州﹚OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhouareoftenvisitedbyforeignersaretheWestSlenderLake.A.whatB.whoC.thatD./8.﹙2011·广东﹚Thefirstthingmybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter.A.whichB.thatC.whyD.who★★9.﹙2010·甘肃兰州﹚—Haveyoufoundtheinformationaboutthefamouspeopleyoucanuseforthereport?—Notyet.I’llsearchsomeontheinternet.A.whoB.whatC.whomD.which10.﹙2009·辽宁锦州﹚—Iseverythingweneedtodo?—Yes.Youneedn’tworryaboutit.A.which;hasdoneB.which;doingC.that;hasdoneD.that;done11.﹙2011·广东清远﹚Haveyoureadthebookisabouttheroom?A.whatB.itC./D.which12.﹙2011·广东梅州﹚Ihatethosedon’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.where13.﹙2011·四川成都﹚ThestudentsinthehighergradesImetinafootballgamearemygoodfriendsnow.A.whenB.whichC.who14.﹙2011·天津﹚Johnistheboylegswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which15.﹙2011·湖北黄石﹚—DoyouknowthekidwithBobistalkingoverthere.—Yes,it’smycousin.A.whoB.thatC.不填D.whom16.﹙2011·海南三亚﹚Thefirstthingweshoulddoistotellhimthenews.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom17.﹙2011·贵州铜仁﹚LiMeiisthestudenthandwritingisthebestinourclass.A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.that