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Lookinggood,feelinggoodGrammarandusageGrammarandusageNon-restrictiveattributiveclauses限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。Mycousinwhosefatherisateacherwantstobeanactor.Mycousin,whosefatherisateacher,wantstobeanactor.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。1.Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。（不只一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）•Hetalkedtothegirlwhowascrying.•Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.•限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词；•而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose√√主语主语宾语定语√√√宾语指代整个主句宾语关系副词(where,when)的指代关系指地点指时间在定语从句中的作用WhereWhen√√时间状语地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tip介词+which3.Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpictureswerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpictures,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）all/some/of+whom/which引导非限制性定语从句Examples:1.Hehastoldusmanystories,allof_______areaboutthefamousLongMarch.2.ThestudentsofClass1,someof_______camefromJapan,wentcampingyesterday.whichwhomConclusion在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量数词或代词如all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either/any等可与of构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allof______arequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someof______arenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeof_______comefromUS.Otherexampleswhichwhomwhom1.Thefamousbasketballstar,____isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_____shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_____costmealot.whichwhomwhoFillintheblankswithproperrelativewords.4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_____Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7.____weallknow,heisgoodatEnglish.whichwherewhenAsConclusion1.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,as和which可代替整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。2.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。(2)as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。另外,as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。1.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_____cameasasurprise.2.___isexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.3.Itrainedhardyesterday,_______preventedmefromgoingtothepark.4.____wecansee,thesmokecamefromthelittledustbin.AswhichPracticewhichAs1.(2011江西34)Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction____hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhichC高考真题1.①Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilms___shownlastweek.②Thisistheonlyoneofthemostinterestingfilms___shownlastweek.A.whichwasB.thatwasC.whichwereD.thatwereBDPractice【2012陕西卷】Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,______hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what【答案与解析】C考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。2.①Hehastwosons,__arecollegestudents.②Hehastwosons,and__arecollegestudents.A.bothofwhichB.bothofwhomC.bothofthemD.bothofitCB3.①Hestilllivesintheroom__windowfacestotheeast.②Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindow__facestotheeast.③Hestilllivesintheroom__isinthenorthofthecity.④Hestilllivesintheroom__thereisabeautifultable.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.ofwhichCADB4.①___weallknow,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.②___iswell-knownthatChinaisrichinnaturalresources.③___iswell-known,Chinaisrichinnaturalresources.A.WhichB.AsC.ItD.ThatBCBGrammarandusageQuestiontags反义疑问句也叫附加疑问句，由陈述句加简短附加问句构成，用以要求对方证实所述之事。1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式Theyworkhere,don’tthey?Shewasillyesterday,wasn’tshe?2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式Youdidn’tgo,didyou?Hecan’trideabike,canhe?请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用aren'tI.I’mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?Iamastudent,aren’tI？2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may+主语Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?3)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?Someplantsneverblown,dothey?Therearefewapplesinthebasket,arethere?Hecanhardlyswim,canhe?Theyseldomcomelate,dothey?SherarelyspeakstoyouinEnglish,doesshe?4)含有oughtto的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?/shouldn'the?5)陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.)，疑问部分常用don't+主语（didn't+主语）。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?Theyhadtocrossthebusystreet,didn’tthey?6)陈述部分的谓语是usedto时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?Sheusedtostayuplate,usedn’tshe?7)陈述部分有hadbetter+v.,疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?You’dbettergetupearly,hadn’tyou?8)陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?9)陈述部分有You'dliketo+v.,疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。You’dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?10)must在表示推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?11)感叹句中，疑问部分用be+主语。Whatcolors,aren'tthey?Whatasmell,isn'tit?12)陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?Eitheryouorheisright,_________？isn’the13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词