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1/5SAT语法第八章标点符号Punctuation第一单元所有格第二单元逗号第三单元分号第四单元句号第五单元引号第六单元破折号第七单元冒号第八单元括号第一单元所有格符号Apostrophe表明名词和不定代词的所有格。名词单数和一般名词复数加’s。以s或z结尾的名词复数直接加’。不规则的名词复数加’。例如：Theboy’smotherBirds’immigrationDouglas’scrimesTheStevenses’housePeople’sopinionsChildren’slaughter第二单元逗号Comma1.与并列连接词连用，分开句子的主要成分。例如：Sheknewverylittleaboutthenewsystem,andhevolunteerednothing.Thetriallastedforninemonths,buthejurytookonlyfourhourstoreachitsverdict.2.用于分开主从复合句、同位语，插入语。例如：Havingagreedtodisagree,theyturnedtoothermatters.Thereport,afterbeingreadaloud,wasputupforconsideration.2/53.用于分开过渡词和词组，举例词和词组。例如：Indeed,nooneseemedtohaveheardofhim.Theyconcluded,however,thatitwasmeaningless.Threehavecomplied,namely,Togo,Benin,andGhana.4.用于一系列的列举。例如：Men,women,andchildrencrowdedaboardthetrain.Herjobrequiredhertopackquickly,totraveloften,andtohavenopersonallife.5.用于表示对比关系。例如：Thisprojectwilltakesixmonths,notsixweeks.6.用于分开两个，或三个并列的形容词。例如：inacalm,reflectivemannertheharsh,damp,piercingwind7.用于分开同位语。例如：WevisitedVerdun,siteofthefamousbattle.Itsauthor,MariaOlevsky,wasanexpertdiver.8.用于分开原文和引用部分。如果引用部分以问号或者叹号结尾，省略逗号。Sheanswered,“Iamleaving.”“Isuspect，”Bobobserved,“wewillbehearingmore.”“Howaboutanotherround?”Elainepipedup.9.用于表示平行结构中省略的部分。例如：EightcouncilorscasttheirvotesforO’Reilly;six,forMendez.Sevenvotedinfavor,threeagainst.第三单元分号Semicolon1.用于分开相对独立的句子成分，这些句子成分不是由并列连词连接的。例如：Creamthebutterandsugar;addtheeggsandbeatwell.2.用于连接两个从句，第二从句由一个连接副词引导。例如：3/5Iusedtocleanhouseinthesummerbecausethemoneywasgood;however,allthepeoplewhosehousesIcleanedseemedtoassumethatbecauseIwasvacuumingtheircarpetsIdidnotdeservetheirrespect.SkepticsalsomaintainthatShakespearecouldnothaveauthoredtheplaysbecauseheneverattentedauniversity;seriousscholars,however,pointsoutthatmanydramatistsofhistimedidnotattendcollege.3.用于解释性表述之前。例如：Wewerefairlysuccessfully;thatis,wemadeourdealingsandmetourbudget.4.在使用句号的情况下，使用分号来分开一系列的举例。Thevotesagainstwere:Precinct1,418;Precinct2,332;Precinct3,256.第四单元句号Period句号就是用来表示一个句子的结束。例如：Sheaskedifwewereswingdancers.Giveityourbest.第五单元引号QuotationMarkDouble:1.用于表示直接引用，而非间接引用。例如：Heasked,“Whatwentwrong?”2.用于表示强调的信息或者重点词语。例如：Definingthemeaningof“happiness”isaperplexingproposition:thebestonecandoistotrytosetsomeextremestotheideasandthenworktowardsthemiddle.Single：用于表示引用中的引用部分。例如：“Idistinctlyhearhimsay,‘Donotbelate,’andthenIheardthedoorclose.”第六单元破折号Dash1.用于表明打断或改变句子结构。例如：4/5Thestudentsseemedhappyenoughwiththenewplan,butthealumni—therewastheproblem.2.用于强调插入的句子成分。例如：Itwillpreventcorporations—largeandsmall—frombuyinginfluencewithcampaigncontributions.3.用于引入词语的定义或列举。例如：Themotionwasthentabled—thatis,removedindefinitelyfromconsideration.Daviswasaleadinginnovatorinatleastthreestyles—bebop,cooljazz,andjazz-rockfusion.4.用于分开插入语等句子成分。感叹号和问号放在破折号之前。例如：Ifwedonotsucceed—andthecriticssaywewon’t—thenthewholeprojectisinjeopardy.Hishobbywasgettingonepeople’snerves—especiallymine!—andhewasverygoodatit.第七单元冒号Colon1.用于表示一系列的列举。例如：Threeabstained:Britain,France,andBelgium2.用于介绍一个强调的单词、短语或者从句的具体内容，起到同位语的作用。SAT例题0910Smallfishlivingamongcoralreefsfaceconstantdanger,swimminginopenwatermakesthempreytolargerfish,buthidingincrevicesexposesthemtoeelattacks.(A)danger,swimming(B)danger,theirswimming(C)danger;iftheyswim(D)dangerswimming(E)dangerwhenitswimsSAT例题1005：Giraffeshaveadistinctwayofwalking,theymovebothrightlegsforwardandthenbothleftlegs.5/5(A)walking,theymovebothrightlegs(B)walking,whichmovebothrightlegs(C)walking,bothitsrightlegsmove(D)walking:theymovebothrightlegs(E)walking;movingbothrightlegs3.用于引入解释说明、举例、强调、重申的句子成分。例如：Dawnwasbreaking:thedistantpeakswerealreadyglowingwiththesun’sfirstrays.4.用于表示大段的引用，引用部分也缩进以区别原文。也可以和双引号在一起使用。例如：Theinscriptionreads:“Hereliesonewhosenamewaswritteninwater.”第八单元括号Parentheses1.用于表示举例，解释说明或补充性的文字。例如：Nominationsforprincipalofficers(president,vicepresident,treasurer,andsecretary)wereapproved.Fourcomputers(alloutdatedmodels)werereplaced.AlthoughwelikeMilleFiori(theirrisottowasthebest),wehadnotbeenthereinseveralmonths.2.与数字和字母在一起使用，表示一系列的列举。例如：Sentencescanbeclassifiedas(1)simple,(2)multipleorcompound,and(3)complex.3.和其他符号在一起使用，例如逗号。Iwillgetbacktoyoutomorrow(Friday),whenIhavemoredetails.