定语从句引导词的用法

定语从句引导词的用法that和Which都可以指物，其用法区别：相同点(Similarities)1.这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；2.在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语；3.作宾语，并且前面无介词时都可省略。Thetrainthat/whichhasjustleftisforShanghai．刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语)Thebook(that/which)yougavemeiswonderful.你以前给我的那本书好极了。(作宾语,可省略)不同点(Difference)1.以下情况常用that。（1）当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时（all,something,anything,nothing,everything,none,any,some,few,little,much,many等）。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou？有什么要我做的事吗？Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked．他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。（2）当先行词被every,no,theonly,thevery,theright,thelast,just修饰时。That‘stheonlythingthatwecandonow.目前我们只能这样了。Thosearetheverywordsthathesaid.那就是他的原话。（3）当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatI’vehad.这是我拥有的最有趣的书。Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetsomefood．该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。（4）当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheysawinthefactory．（5）当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas．中国已经不是过去的中国了。（6）当在以which开头的疑问句中时。WhichisthecarthatwasmadeinBeijing？哪辆是在北京制造的车？2.以下情况常用which。（1）当先行词本身就是that时。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow.刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？（2）当关系代词后有插入语时。Hereisthebookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.这就是我给你说过的那本书，它能提高你的英语。（3）引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld．（4）直接放在介词后作定语从句宾语时。Languageisanimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother．that和who都可以指人，其用法区别：不用that的情况：a)在引导非限定性定语从句时b)介词后不能用Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.多用who的情况：①关系代词在从句中做主语Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.②先行词为those,people时Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.③先行词为all,anyone,ones,one指人时Onewhodoesn'tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.④在Therebe句型中Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.⑤在被分隔的定语从句中AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.