表语从句,主语从句

Module2HighlightsofmySeniorYearGrammar1&2PredicativeClauses(表语从句)在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用asif引导。其基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。That’swhatweshoulddo.That’swhyIwanttoseeyou.表语从句的用法ThereasonformyabsencewasthatIwasill.1.be,seem,look等动词后均可跟表语从句：如：Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.2.asif,because也可引导表语从句。如：Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.ItwasbecauseIgotuplate.3.在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如:Thetroubleis(that)heisill.在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because。如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathedidn’tcatchtheearlybus.Attention1.Thattheearthisroundistrue.=Itistruethattheearthisround.主语从句的用法一、主语从句在句中作主语,主语从句可以位于句首,但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.Attention:连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注：if不可用来引导主语从句)。二.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句事实是……Itisafactthat………非常荣幸Itisanhonorthat………是常识Itiscommonknowledgethat…(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句(多用should)Itisnaturalthat…很自然……Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎……Ithappenedthat…碰巧……Itappearsthat…似乎……(4)Itis＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道……Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实……Itissaidthat…据说……三、It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1)引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当于allthat/everythingthat...，常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等.)”；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成分，但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。例如:（1）Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.（2）Thatweshouldworkoutaplantodealwiththeserioussituationisimportant.2)引导词if和whetherif和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用，但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导。例如:Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.Itremainstobedecidedwhether/ifweshallraiseducksorgeese.【2012陕西卷】Asmanyfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose______suitsyoubest.A.whateverB.whicheverC.wheneverD.wherever【解析】考查名词性从句。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，意思是：无论哪件。选B。其余选项与句意不符B【2012江西卷】Itsuddenlyoccurredtohim_____hehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.A.whetherB.whereC.whichD.thatit作形式主语，真正的主语为thathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。D[2012湖南卷]Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn'tmatter____youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.when空后的or可知为whether„or短语。复合句名词性从句主语从句形式主语引导词whetherC【2012全国新课程】24.Itisbynomeansclear_______thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what【解析】此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。D【2012山东卷】Itdoesn’tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why【解析】此处it是形式主语，后面whether...or引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or意为：是…还是…都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。B1.___weneedmoneyisquiteclear.A.IfB.WhatC.ThatD.\2.Einstein’smostfamoustheoryis___wecalltheTheoryofRelativity.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whyExercise1—Choosethebestanswers.CA3.___thecarcanbeusedhasnotbeenknownyet.A.IfB.WhatC.ThatD.Whether4.___wecan’tunderstandis___hedidn’tjoinusinourdiscussion.A.That;whyB.Which;howC.What;whatD.What;whyDD5.Theyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChinaagain.A.whichB.whomC.whatD.that6.Wordcame___hispoemwonthefirstprize.A.thatB.whetherC.asD.becauseDA7.Theyoungmanasked___it’ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether8.Wedon’tknow____theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichDA9.Theteacherasksus__Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime10.Doesanybodyknow__wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot?A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatBC11.Couldyoutellmewherewe__nextWeek？A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgo12.Couldyoutellmehowmuch__toflytoHainan?A.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcostsDD13.Thesmallchildrendon’tknow__.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockingsisD14.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee___.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisD15.Couldyoutellmehowlong___?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChinaB16.Hesaysthatifit____tomorrow,he____fishing.A.willrain,won’tgoB.rained,wasn’tgoC.rains,won’tgoD.rain,willgoC17.Didyouunderstand___?A.whatshesaidB.whattosayC.whatdidshesaidD.howshehadsaid18.Thegirlisthinkingabout__shewillgoabroadtostudyEnglishnextyear.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.whenAC19.Theteachersaidthat___.A.thesunmovesaroundtheearthB.theearthmovedaroundthesunC.themoonisoursatelliteD.themoonwasoursatelliteC20.Idon’tknowwhenhe___back.Pleasetellhimthenewswhenhe___back.A.come;willcomeB.comes;comesC.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcomeC21.Idon’tknowifhisuncle____.Ithinkhe____ifheisfree.A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.comes;willcomeD22.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow____.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchoseD.whatIchooseB23.Nooneknows____.A.whichgatewehavetogoB.whichgatewemustgoC.whichgatedowehavetogotoD.whichgatewehavetogotoD24.-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?-Oh,that’s_______.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeel