毕业设计外文文献及译文文献、资料题目:ChangingrolesoftheclientsArchitectsandcontractorsThroughBIM文献、资料来源:Engineering,Construction,Archi-tectualManagement文献、资料发表(出版)日期:2010.2院(部):水利工程学院专业:水电国管班级:1101姓名:马锡学号:201119040317指导教师:刘风云翻译日期:2015.2.3山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文-1-外文文献:Changingrolesoftheclients,architectsandcontractorsthroughBIMRizalSebastianTNOBuiltEnvironmentandGeosciences,Delft,TheNetherlandsAbstractPurpose–Thispaperaimstopresentageneralreviewofthepracticalimplicationsofbuildinginformationmodelling(BIM)basedonliteratureandcasestudies.ItseekstoaddressthenecessityforapplyingBIMandre-organisingtheprocessesandrolesinhospitalbuildingprojects.Thistypeofprojectiscomplexduetocomplicatedfunctionalandtechnicalrequirements,decisionmakinginvolvingalargenumberofstakeholders,andlong-termdevelopmentprocesses.Design/methodology/approach–ThroughdeskresearchandreferringtotheongoingEuropeanresearchprojectInPro,theframeworkforintegratedcollaborationandtheuseofBIMareanalysed.Throughseveralrealcases,thechangingrolesofclients,architects,andcontractorsthroughBIMapplicationareinvestigated.Findings–OneofthemainfindingsistheidentificationofthemainfactorsforasuccessfulcollaborationusingBIM,whichcanberecognisedas“POWER”:productinformationsharing(P),organisationalrolessynergy(O),workprocessescoordination(W),environmentforteamwork(E),andreferencedataconsolidation(R).Furthermore,itisalsofoundthattheimplementationofBIMinhospitalbuildingprojectsisstilllimitedduetocertaincommercialandlegalbarriers,aswellasthefactthatintegratedcollaborationhasnotyetbeenembeddedintherealestatestrategiesofhealthcareinstitutions.Originality/value–ThispapercontributestotheactualdiscussioninscienceandpracticeonthechangingrolesandprocessesthatarerequiredtodevelopandoperatesustainablebuildingswiththesupportofintegratedICTframeworksandtools.Itpresentsthestate-of-the-artofEuropeanresearchprojectsandsomeofthefirstrealcasesofBIMapplicationinhospitalbuildingprojects.KeywordsEurope,Hospitals,TheNetherlands,Constructionworks,Responseflexibility,ProjectplanningPapertypeGeneralreview山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文-2-1.IntroductionHospitalbuildingprojects,areofkeyimportance,andinvolvesignificantinvestment,andusuallytakealong-termdevelopmentperiod.Hospitalbuildingprojectsarealsoverycomplexduetothecomplicatedrequirementsregardinghygiene,safety,specialequipments,andhandlingofalargeamountofdata.Thebuildingprocessisverydynamicandcomprisesiterativephasesandintermediatechanges.Manyactorswithshiftingagendas,rolesandresponsibilitiesareactivelyinvolved,suchas:thehealthcareinstitutions,nationalandlocalgovernments,projectdevelopers,financialinstitutions,architects,contractors,advisors,facilitymanagers,andequipmentmanufacturersandsuppliers.Suchbuildingprojectsareverymuchinfluenced,bythehealthcarepolicy,whichchangesrapidlyinresponsetothemedical,societalandtechnologicaldevelopments,andvariesgreatlybetweencountries(WorldHealthOrganization,2000).InTheNetherlands,forexample,thewayabuildingprojectinthehealthcaresectorisorganisedisundergoingamajorreformduetoafundamentalchangeintheDutchhealthpolicythatwasintroducedin2008.Therapidlychangingcontextpostsaneedforabuildingwithflexibilityoveritslifecycle.Inordertoincorporatelife-cycleconsiderationsinthebuildingdesign,constructiontechnique,andfacilitymanagementstrategy,amultidisciplinarycollaborationisrequired.Despitetheattemptforestablishingintegratedcollaboration,healthcarebuildingprojectsstillfacesseriousproblemsinpractice,suchas:budgetoverrun,delay,andsub-optimalqualityintermsofflexibility,end-user’sdissatisfaction,andenergyinefficiency.Itisevidentthatthelackofcommunicationandcoordinationbetweentheactorsinvolvedinthedifferentphasesofabuildingprojectisamongthemostimportantreasonsbehindtheseproblems.Thecommunicationbetweendifferentstakeholdersbecomescritical,aseachstakeholderpossessesdifferentsetofskills.Asaresult,theprocessesforextraction,interpretation,andcommunicationofcomplexdesigninformationfromdrawingsanddocumentsareoftentime-consuminganddifficult.Advancedvisualisationtechnologies,like4Dplanninghavetremendouspotentialtoincreasethecommunicationefficiencyandinterpretationabilityoftheprojectteammembers.However,theiruseasaneffectivecommunicationtoolisstilllimitedandnotfullyexplored(DawoodandSikka,2008).Therearealsootherbarriersintheinformationtransferandintegration,forinstance:manyexistingICTsystemsdonotsupporttheopennessofthedataandstructurethatisprerequisitefor山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文-3-aneffectivecollaborationbetweendifferentbuildingactorsordisciplines.Buildinginformationmodelling(BIM)offersanintegratedsolutiontothepreviouslymentionedproblems.Therefore,BIMisincreasinglyusedasanICTsupportincomplexbuildingprojects.AneffectivemultidisciplinarycollaborationsupportedbyanoptimaluseofBIMrequirechangingrolesoftheclients,architects,andcontractors;newcontractualrelationships;andre-organisedcollaborativeprocesses.Unfortunately,therearestillgapsinthepracticalknowledgeonhowtomanagethebuildingactorstocollaborateeffectivelyintheirchangingroles,andtodevelopandutiliseBIMasanoptimalICTsupportofthecollabora