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文化翻译基本方法直译Literaltranslation&意译freetranslation人家是醋罐子，他是醋缸，醋瓮！Y:Ifotherwomenarejealous,she’sahundredtimes.H:Theycalljealouspeople“vinegarbottles”,don’tthey?Well,she’snotjustabottlefullofvinegar;she’sastoragejar---awholecistern---fullofit!除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间呢.一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走.我没那么好的记性.大家见面,招呼声”吃了吗?”透着和气.Besidestheroomweoccupytherearetwentymoreroomsinthesamecompound.Howmanyfamilieslivethere,onlyGodknows.Thosewhooccupytworoomsareveryfew.Besides,theyarealwaysonthego(movingintodayandmovingouttomorrow).Ihaven’tgotsuchagoodmemoryastorememberallthat.Whenpeoplemeet,theygreetwitheachotherwithaHi,justtoshowtheirgoodneighborlyfeelings.直译：指翻译时要尽量保持原作的语言形式，包括用词，句子结构，修辞手段等，同时要求语言流畅易懂，但也不排除在短语层次进行某些调整。literaltranslation:amethodinwhichthetranslatortriestokeeptheoriginalusageofwords,structuresandfiguresofspeechinthetranslationwhichmustbesmoothtoreadandleadtonomistakeordifficultyinunderstanding.又要马儿好，又要马儿不吃草。Youwantthehorsetorunfastandyoudon’tletitgraze.叫一声请，一起举箸，却如风卷残云一般，遭去了一半。看那周先生时，一箸也不曾下。Atthesignaltobegin,theyfelltowiththeirchopsticks,likeawhirlwindscatteringwispsofcloud.AndhalfthefoodhadgonebeforetheynoticedthatChouChinhadnoteatenabite.揭去方巾，见那娘子辛小姐，真有沉鱼落雁之容，闭月羞花之貌。杨宪益《儒林外史》Whenthebride’sredveilwasremoved,hesawthatMissXinthebridewaslovelyenoughtooutshinethemoonandputtheflowerstoshame.三年被毒蛇咬了，如今梦见一条绳子也是害怕。Amanwhohasbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnakewillbefrightenedifhedreamsofaropethreeyearsafter!平儿说道：“癞蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉，没人伦的混账东西，起这样的念头，叫他不得好死！”（11）“Whatanasty,disgustingman!”saidPatience.“Acaseof‘thetoadonthegroundwantingtoeatthegooseinthesky.’He’llcometonogoodend,gettingideaslikethis”.(H)AdvantagesBykeepingtheoriginalstructure,figuresofspeechandusageofwords,thusvividnessoftheoriginalismaintained.Enrichtargetlanguageandculture.fleamarket,honeymoon,maidenwork,brainwash,chainstoreMechanictranslationItisalsocalledword-for-wordtranslation.Ittriestokeeptheoriginalusageofwords,originalsentencestructure,figuresofspeechaswell.Allthesearedoneregardlessoflinguisticandculturaldifferences.Whatissaidinonelanguagepossiblymaynotbeacceptedorunderstoodinanothercultureorlanguage.Inmanycases,thismethodmayleadtotwoconsequences:thesentenceappearshardtounderstandandnotsmoothtoread;themeaningandthestyleofthesentencedifferfromtheoriginal.匡超人听了这话，慌忙作揖，磕下头去，说道：“晚生真乃‘有眼不识泰山’”。WhenKuangChao-renheardthis,hemadehastetobow.“AlthoughIhaveeyes,”heexclaimed,“IhavefailedtoseeMountTai.”•等我性子上来，把这‘醋罐子’打个稀烂，他才认的我呢！Y:“OneofthesedayswhenIreallylosemytemper,I’mgoingtogivethatvinegarybitchagoodbeatingtoshowherwho’smasterhere.”H:OneofthesedayswhenIgetmytemperupImgoingtolayintothatjealousbitchandbreakeveryboneinherbody.Thenperhapsshe’llknowwho’smasterroundhere.直译与死译的区别：直译能够符合译语习惯，通顺易懂。死译只注意保存原文形式，对原文的用词，句子结构，修辞手段等统统原封不动地搬过来，在原语和译语差别很大的情况下也不做调整，因而晦涩难懂。Itwasanoldandraggedmoon.那是一轮又老有破的月亮。那是一轮下弦残月。Heisthelastonetofitforthejob.意译从意义出发，只要求将原文大意表达出来，不注意细节，译文流畅自然即可。意译不注意原文用词，句子结构，修辞手段等。Freetranslationisamethodinwhichatranslatortranslatesmostlythemeaningofthesentencewhilethestructureoftheoriginal,itsusageofwordsandfiguresofspeechwillnotbemaintainedinthetranslationsothatsmoothreadingandcorrectunderstandingofthetranslationcanbeachieved.Sometimes,changeofmetaphorisalsoaccepted.除了我这间房,大院里还有二十多间呢.一共住着多少家子,谁说得清?住两间房的就不多,又搭上今儿个搬来,明儿个又搬走.我没那么好的记性.大家见面,招呼声”吃了吗?”透着和气.Besidestheroomweoccupytherearetwentymoreroomsinthesamecompound.Howmanyfamilieslivethere,onlyGodknows.Thosewhooccupytworoomsareveryfew.Besides,theyarealwaysonthego(movingintodayandmovingouttomorrow).Ihaven’tgotsuchagoodmemoryastorememberallthat.Whenpeoplemeet,theygreetwitheachotherwithaHi,justtoshowtheirgoodneighborlyfeelings.反正生米做成了熟饭，再生气也没有用。再说，妹妹的话也不无道理，那司马相如毕竟是被梁王看中过的人，总不会一辈子穷困潦倒的。（徐飞《凤求凰》4）Afterall,what’sdoneisdone,andthere’snopointkeepingonbeingangryaboutit.Besides,WenjunmaynotbefarwrongwhenshesaysthatXiangruhasabrilliantfutureaheadofhim.Remember,hewashighlythoughtofbythekingofLiangatonetime.Hewillsurelynotbepoorandstrugglingallhislife.AdvantageeasyunderstandingandsmoothreadingTranslateliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation.Freetranslationisthelastresortofatranslator.凤姐儿想一想，笑道：“一家子也是过正月节，合家赏灯吃酒，真真的热闹非凡。祖婆婆，太婆婆，媳妇，孙子媳妇，重孙媳妇，亲孙子媳妇，侄孙子，重孙子，灰孙子，滴滴答答的孙子，孙女儿，外孙女儿，姨表孙女儿，姑表孙女…哎呦呦！真好热闹！……（54）Xifengdrainedhercupandthoughtforasecond.“Inthemiddleofthefirstmonth,”shebegan,“duringtheLanternFestivalafamilywashavingafinelivelytime,enjoyinglanternsanddrinkingtogether.Therewerethegreatgrandmother,grandmother,grandmothers-in-law,daughter-in-law,grand-nephewsandapackofgrea-great-grandsons,aswellasgrand-daughtersandgrand-niecesonthepaternalandmaternalsides,andgrand-niecesonthebrothers’andsisters’sides…Aiya,itwasreallylively…”套用法在保留原有意义的前提下，套用或借用译语表达方式来代替原语的表达。壮得像头牛---asstrongasahorse聪明无比---aswiseasanowl胆小如鼠---astimidasahare急得像热锅上的蚂蚁---asnervousasacatonahottinroof海底捞针---tolookforaneedleinahaystack一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.Oneboyisboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.注意：尽量避免使用译语中的具有典型民族文化特征的词语，来代替原语中的民族色彩浓的词语。AswiseasSolomon智如诸葛Toteachone’sgrandmothertosuckeggs.夫子庙前卖文章，关公面前耍大刀。Twoheadsarebettert