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12016年上海市高中学业水平合格性考试化学试卷考生注意：l、试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题和简答题等题型。3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。一、选择题（共80分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案）1．调味品食醋中含有3%～5%的·····························································（）A．甲醇B．乙醇C．乙醛D．乙酸2．聚氯乙烯制品随处可见，但聚氯乙烯塑料不用于生产·······························（）A．食品保鲜袋B．衣物包装袋C．垃圾桶D．雨披3．能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色的是··························································（）A．乙烷B．乙炔C．乙酸D．苯4．下列关于苯的叙述错误的是································································（）A．属于不饱和烃B．难溶于水且比水轻C．分子中含有碳碳双键D．不能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色5．CH2CH3CH3CHCH2CH3的命名正确的是······························································（）A．2-乙基丁烷B．3-甲基戊烷C．2-乙基己烷D．3-甲基己烷6．合金是常用的材料。下列产品不属于合金制品的是··································（）A．铁锅B．金属门窗C．不锈钢餐具D．水银温度计7．铀-235（U23592）是常用的核燃料，U23592核外电子数为·····························（）A．327B．235C．143D．928．易形成简单阴离子的元素是································································（）A．OB．MgC．NaD．He9．原子核外L电子层最多能容纳的电子数是·············································（）A．4B．6C．8D．1010．下列物质属于电解质的是·································································（）A．Cl2B．KNO3C．SO2D．Al11．二氧化碳的化学用语错误的是····························································（）A．电子式：B．分子式：CO2C．结构式：C=O=OD．比例模型：12．氯化钠晶体熔化的过程中，破坏了·····················································（）A．离子键和金属键B．离子键C．共价键和离子键D．共价键13．常温下，将铁片投入浓H2SO4中，下列说法正确的是·····························（）A．不发生反应B．铁被钝化C．产生大量SO2D．产生大量H2COO214．加热时，下列反应有单质生成的是·····················································（）A．Cu与浓硫酸B．A1与H2OC．Fe与SD．H2与Cl215．短周期元素X的最高价氧化物的化学式为X2O7，则X为························（）A．CB．NC．SD．Cl16．能将化学能转化为电能的是······························································（）A．水力发电B．风力发电C．太阳能电池D．铜锌原电池17．下列物质加入水中，因水解而呈碱性的是············································（）A．生石灰B．熟石灰C．纯碱D．烧碱18．氯、溴、碘单质的化学性质相似，原因是············································（）A．均为有色单质B．均为双原子分子C．原子最外层电子数均为7D．均可从海洋中提取19．一定条件下，通过单质间化合可得到的是············································（）A．FeCl3B．SO3C．Al(OH)3D．HClO20．pH=l的溶液中含有Na＋、Cl―、NO3―，还可能含有大量的·······················（）A．Fe3＋B．Ag＋C．OH―D．CO32―21．NaOH溶于水时，扩散过程吸收了akJ的热量，水合过程放出了bkJ的热量。下列判断正确的是··························································································（）A．abB．a=bC．abD．无法判断22．碘升华的过程中·············································································（）A．吸收了热量B．化合价升高C．破坏了化学键D．生成了新物质23．向下列溶液中逐滴加入NaOH溶液至过量，先有白色沉淀生成，然后沉淀又消失的是·········································································································（）A．CuCl2溶液B．AlCl3溶液C．MgCl2溶液D．BaCl2溶液24．下列反应不能用H＋+OH―→H2O表示的是············································（）A．稀盐酸中滴加NaOH溶液B．稀盐酸中滴加Ba(OH)2溶液C．稀HNO3中滴加NaOH溶液D．稀H2SO4中滴加Ba(OH)2溶液25．将SO2和H2S混合，有淡黄色固体出现，该反应中H2S表现出················（）A．还原性B．漂白性C．酸性D．氧化性26．中和滴定是一种化学分析方法。用标准盐酸滴定未知浓度的氢氧化钠溶液，无需使用的仪器是·····························································································（）27．实验室进行粗盐提纯，无需进行的操作是············································（）A．分液B．溶解C．过滤D．蒸发28．为检验海带灰浸出液中是否含有I―，可向溶液中加入·····························（）A．淀粉溶液B．盐酸C．HNO3酸化的AgNO3溶液D．CCl4ABCD329．为除去铁粉中混有的少量铝粉，所选试剂和操作都合理的是····················（）A．盐酸，蒸发B．NaOH溶液，蒸发C．盐酸，过滤D．NaOH溶液，过滤30．向盛有NaBr溶液的试管中加入少量氯水，振荡，再加入适量CCl4，振荡，静置。下列判断正确的是·······················································································（）31．硫酸亚铁易被氧化而变质。为检验某补血剂中硫酸亚铁是否变质，可向该补血剂配成的溶液中加入··························································································（）A．AgNO3溶液B．盐酸酸化的BaCl2溶液C．KSCN溶液D．HNO3酸化的Ba(NO3)2溶液32．实验室制取乙烯的发生装置如下图所示。下列说法正确的是····················（）A．烧瓶中加入乙醇、浓硫酸和碎瓷片B．反应温度控制在140℃C．导出的气体中只有乙烯D．可用向上排气法收集乙烯33．多数植物中的色素遇酸碱会产生不同的颜色。紫罗兰含色素HZ，HZ的水溶液呈紫色且存在平衡HZ(红色)H＋+Z―(蓝色)。将HZ溶液滴入稀硫酸中，溶液的颜色为·········································································································（）A．紫色B．红色C．蓝色D．无色34．右图是H2(g)与I2(g)反应生成HI(g)的能量示意图。由图可知····················（）A．该反应是吸热反应B．1molHI(g)分解吸收的热量为QC．热化学方程式：H2+I22HI+QD．反应物总能量高于生成物总能量35．实验室电解饱和食盐水的装置如下图所示。下列判断正确的是·················（）A．电极a为阴极B．电极b上发生了还原反应C．阳极附近溶液变红D．阴极产生黄绿色气体36．一定温度下，固定体积的密闭容器中发生反应M(g)+N(g)2W(g)，能说明该反应一定达到平衡的是·················································································（）A．v(W)消耗=v(W)生成B．v正=v逆=0C．容器内压强保持不变D．n(M)∶n(N)∶n(W)=1∶1∶237．已知3CuO+2NH33Cu+N2+3H2O。下列判断正确的是·······················（）A．N元素的化合价降低B．NH3被还原C．消耗0.3molCuO转移0.6NA个电子D．CuO是还原剂选项ABCD上层红棕色黄绿色无色无色下层无色无色红棕色黄绿色H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)能量Q酚酞和饱和食盐水abΔ438．在5L密闭容器中进行反应C(s)+H2O(g)CO(g)+H2(g)，反应2min，H2的物质的量增加了0.3mol。0～2min内H2的反应速率为··········································（）A．0.3mol/(L·min)B．0.03mol/(L·min)C．0.06mol/(L·min)D．0.12mol/(L·min)39．配制一定物质的量浓度的NaCl溶液，下列操作会使溶液浓度偏高的是······（）A．少量NaCl固体残留在称量纸上B．溶解NaCl时烧杯中有少量蒸馏水C．转移时没有洗涤烧杯和玻璃棒D．定容至液面最高处与刻度线相平40．为检验某溶液中是否含有Cl―、CO32―、Na＋、NH4＋，进行如下实验：取样，加入足量盐酸，有气泡产生，再加入AgNO3溶液，有白色沉淀生成；另取样，加入足量NaOH溶液，微热，产生的气体使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝。下列判断正确的是·················（）A．一定不含Cl―B．一定不含Na＋C．一定含有Cl―、CO32―D．一定含有CO32―、NH4＋二、综合分析题（共20分）（一）（本题共12分）氮是植物体内蛋白质、叶绿素的重要组成元素，氮肥能促进农作物的生长。氨是生产氮肥的原