电力系统中的风力发电

[e-mail]@epri.ac.cn21.2.3.4.5.31.2003„391410MW„19052.08kWh„35kV879479km„500kV44364km„35kV138834kVA„500kV16166kVA„AC500kVDC500kVAC1000kVDC800kV41.20.303kW1474kW.h1209kW.h51.1200374.03%24.24%1.58%0.14%61.„„„„„„„„„71.„„„„82.2001200220032004MW338,490356,570391,410440,000MW401.7445.0568.4763.8%0.1190.1250.1450.174MW24,00031,00040,30047,317192.„2004764MW„40„1061„138„10MW115„10MW~30MW21„30MW~40MW2„35kV66kV102.„„2003„100MW„100MW„2004„100MW„200MW200MW„150MW„2005„100MW„200MW„150MW112.22005201020152020(MW)1,0004,00010,00020,000123.————3133.„„„„„„143.„„„„„„153.234164.„TechnicalissuesofwindpowerintegrationTechnicalregulationofwindpowerintegration„GridCodesNetworkCodes174.AA0A1A2BB1CC1DD14184.5194.6204.7214.8224.5234.„„„Pn,Qn,Sn,Un,In„Pmc10„P60(60)P0.2(0.2)„Q10„c(ψk,Va)ψkVa„102N10,N120„kf(ψk)ku(ψk)ψk„Ih1050244.„„Pn:„Qn:„Sn:„In:254.6A0A1A2B1C1D1PmcPmcPnPmc=PnPmc=PnPmc=PnPmc=PnPmc=Pn60P60P60PnP60=PnP60=PnP60=PnP60=PnP60=Pn0.2P0.2P0.2PnP0.2=PnP0.2=PnP0.2=PnP0.2=PnP0.2=PnQf(P)f(P)f(P)f(P)**c(ψk,Va)10N10CPSCPSCPSCPSCPSCPS2N120CPSCPSCPSCPSCPSCPSkf(ψk)ku(ψk)Ih****CPS=*264.„„274.„„„35kV10%10kV±7%220V-10%~+7%„2%4%1.3%„±0.2Hz±0.5Hz±0.2Hz„„284.„„„……„PWM294.7()()()LGJ-5001000100030044004220200-3002003001400111010050150(120-185)3520-306-10120(95-150)105-72-495304.„66kVMVA0.5m/s3.0m/s5.0m/s30ºC22.639.949.535ºC16.532.941.58314.„„„,„„()324.h30003000-5000500030001.651.150.901.653.002.251.753.001.921.731.541.922.52.252.002.5)/(2mmA334.LGJ-240(h)30003000-500050001.65001.15000.9000LGJ-240(A)396.0000276.0000216.0000610.0000110kV(MW)71.673649.954339.0947110.40630.9500110kV(MW)64.129044.696034.979598.78460.850010LGJ-240)/(2mmA344.LGJ-240XbPzR+JXJWC/2JWC/2P1+JQ1P2+JQ2MWXbVPz78.352==ohmWCXIVXb62.36984.21000000*388.0====9354.„kVMW*km1km1MW2km2MW109.606.001.6020.000.480035134.6020.006.7350.002.69201101420.0050.0028.40150.009.466722048400.00200.00242.00300.00161.3333330144000.00300.00480.00400.00360.0000500360000.00400.00900.00600.00600.0000364.(kV)(MW)(Mvar/100km)100.340.036LJG-120353.80.406LJG-1506612.041.285LGJ-18511035.773.43LJG-24011068.76254.4500YJV22_3*30022013613.2LJGQ-40033039037.3LJGQ-2*30050098096LJGQ-4*400374.13(%)35kV+10%~-10%38.5kV31.5kV10kV+7%~-7%10.7kV9.3kV380V+7%~-7%406.6V353.4V220V+5%~-10%231V198V:1.35kV10%2..384.14(330kV)500kV550kV330kV363kV1.1520min394.15(220KV)(KV)(KV)(KV)500220+10%~-0%242220220330110+7%~-3%117.7106.722066+7%~-3%70.6264.0222035+7%~-3%37.4533.95101310.79.3404.16(220KV)(KV)(KV)(KV)500220+10%~-5%242209220330110+10%~-10%1219922066+10%~-10%72.659.422035+10%~-10%38.531.5101310.79.3414.17220kV/220kV0.95~1.00.~0.33110kV0.9~1.00.~0.4866kV0.9~1.00.~0.4835kV0.9~1.00.~0.48424.„„„„„„„434.=ff50±0.1Hz50±0.2Hz49~50.3Hz48.5~50.5Hz-0.9-0.8-0.7-0.6-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.100.1-100102030405060708090dFinHzs444.1~30s10~15minAGC/3~5%Pn15%Pn15minf↑f↓454.464.„„„coscos474.GeneratorsTransformerMainTransformer220kV66kVPCCConverterControlSupervisoryControl1.2.104811FlowtoOtherAreasHeavilyLoadedOverheadLinesConsumerLoadsCapacitiveCompensatorsGeneratorsCableCircuitsLightlyLoadedOverheadLinesFlowfromOtherAreasGeneratorsTransformersInductiveCompensation4.494.„„„„„504.ReactivePowerActivePowerConstantPFRatingPoint12P-Q514.-5.0-4.0-3.0-2.0-1.00.01.02.03.04.05.00.11.010.0100.01000.010000.0Time(seconds)DeltaFrequency(Hz)ScotlandScotlandScotlandScotland•+2.0/-2.5Hz•60+/-3Hz•1+/-5Hz13524.•EON0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.001.101.201.300.00.11.010.0100.01000.010000.0Time(seconds)Voltage(PU)Lowervalueofvoltageband0.000.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.001.101.201.301.401.500.00.11.010.0100.01000.010000.0Time(seconds)Voltage(PU)AustraliaEONDenmarkFranceScotlandScotlandEONDenmarkEON14534.„1„E.ON,ESBNG„2520„E.ON≥10%10%„ESBNG152-5%545.„„„„„