Crane Safety

QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED1Cranes吊车QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED2MajorCausesofCraneAccidents吊车事故发生的主要原因•Contactwithpowerlines接触电缆•Overturns倾倒•Falls坠落•Mechanicalfailures机械事故QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED3•Instability–unsecuredload,loadcapacityexceeded,orgroundnotlevelortoosoft•Lackofcommunication-thepointofoperationisadistancefromthecraneoperatorornotinfullviewoftheoperator•Lackoftraining•InadequatemaintenanceorinspectionHowDoAccidentsOccur?QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED事故怎么发生的？•不稳定性-为固定的吊物、吊物重量过载、地面不平、土壤太软。•缺少指挥信息-起重指挥人员距离吊车司机太远，或吊车司机不能完全地看见起重•缺少培训•不充分的保养和维护或者没检查4QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED5WhoisatRisk谁在危险之中•Operators吊车司机•PersonsatCraneSite在吊装区内的人QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED6Definitions定义•Crane–Consistsofarotatingstructureforliftingandloweringhorizontallyonrubbertiresorcrawlertreads•Hoist-Usedtoliftandlowerload.•Boom–Aninclinedspar,strut,orotherlongmembersupportingthehoistingtackle•Boomstops–Adeviceusedtolimittheangleoftheboomatitshighestposition•Brake–Tosloworstopmotionbyfrictionorpower•Block–Sheavesorgroovedpulleysinaframewithhook,eyeandstrap•Jib–Extensionattachedtotheboompointtoprovideaddedboomlengthforliftingspecifiedloads.QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED7CranePartsQUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED8TypesofCranes吊车的种类•Mobile移动的•Hydraulic液压的•Overhead高架的•Gantry构台•Tower塔吊QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED9•Improperloadrating不适合的载重量•Excessivespeeds超速•Nohandsignals没有手势•Inadequateinspectionandmaintenance不充分的检查和维护•Unguardedparts没有防护的部分•Unguardedswingradius没有防护的摆动半径CraneHazards吊车危险•Workingtooclosetopowerlines工作太靠近电缆•Improperexhaustsystem不正确的排气系统•Shatteredwindows粉碎的窗户•Nosteps/guardrailswalkways没有踏步、护栏、过道•Noboomangleindicator没有吊臂指示器•Notusingoutriggers没有使用舷外支架QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED10PlanningBeforeStart-Up•Levelthecraneandensuresupportsurfaceisfirmandabletosupporttheload•Contactpowerlineownersanddetermineprecautions.Knowthelocationandvoltageofoverheadpowerlines.•Knowthebasiccranecapacities,limitations,andjobsiterestrictions,suchasthelocationofpowerlines,unstablesoil,orhighwinds.•Makeotherpersonnelawareofhoistingactivities.•Barricadeareaswithinswingradius.•Ensurepropermaintenanceandinspections.•Determinesafeareastostorematerialsandplacemachinery.QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED吊装前做好计划•吊车处水平位置，确保支架表面支架稳定的能够支撑吊物。•联系电缆的拥有者和预防措施，清楚电缆的电压和区域。•清楚吊车基本的载重量和区域的限制例如：电缆、不稳固的土壤、疾风。•让其他人知道这是吊装区域。•作业半径范围内做好防护。•确保正确的防护和检查。•确定在安全的区域储存材料和机械。11QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED12CompetentPerson有资质的人员Thecompetentpersonmustinspectallmachineryandequipmentpriortoeachuse,andduringuse,tomakesureitisinsafeoperatingcondition.有资质人员必须在使用之前检查机械和设备，确保在使用中处于安全状态。Ifitneedsfixing,takeitoutofserviceanddon’tuseituntilitisfixed如需要维修，带走维修不要使用，直到被修好为止。BrokenTrackQUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED13LoadCapacity-Speed–Warnings载重量、速度、警告•Makesurethecraneoperatorcanseethe:•确保吊车司机能看见：RatedLoadCapacities额定的载重量OperatingSpeeds操作速度SpecialHazardWarningorInstruction特殊危险警告或指令LoadRatingChartQUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED14KnowtheWeightoftheLoad•Refertoshippingticketorotherdocumentation•Ensureliftcalculationsarecorrect•Ensureloadiswithinloadchartratingforboomlengthandloadradiusofcrane•Craneisratedbythemaximumweightitwillliftataminimumradiusandminimumboomlength–thefurtherfromitscenterpoint,thelessitwillliftQUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED15LoadLimitingFactors•Notlevel•Wind•Sideloads•Onitswheels•Liftingovertheside•Useofextensions,jibsandotherattachments•Limitsofwirerope,slingsandliftingdevicesQUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED16MobileCranes–LiftingPrinciples移动设备吊装原则•CenterofGravity重心•Leverage杠杆作用•Stability稳定性•StructuralIntegrity结构的整体性QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED17LoadExample–30toncrane吊装例子-30吨吊车•Willlift60,000poundsat10feetfromthecenterpinofthecrane从吊车到吊物距离10英尺可以吊6万磅。•Basedonlevelsurface,nowind,andoutriggersfullyextended基于水平面，无风，支腿满支。•At25feetfromthecenterpinwithan80footboom,thecapacityisonly14,950pounds在距离25英尺，吊臂80英尺长的情况下，可以吊14950磅。•At74feetfromthecenterpin,thecapacityisonly4,800pounds在距离74英尺，可以吊4800磅QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED18ImproperLoad不适当的吊装Improperloadsorspeedscanresultinthetippingofthecrane不适当的吊装或速度可能导致吊车倾倒。QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED19ImproperLoad不适当的吊装QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED20ImproperLoad不适当的吊装QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED21Stayclearfrompowerlinesatleast10feet保持距离电缆10英尺距离PowerLines电缆QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED22Anillustrationofthesignalsmustbepostedatthejobsite一个手势的图标必须放在工作区域HandSignals手势QUALITY,HEALTH,SAFETY&ENVIRONMENTDESCONENGINEERINGLIMITED23GuardMovingParts需防