Brake System

12BrakeSystem1.ThemainfunctionofbrakingsystemEnergyisrequiredwhenavehicleisacceleratedfromresttoacertainspeed.Aproportionofthatenergyisnowstoredinthevehicleandiscalledkineticenergy.Inordertoreducethespeedofthevehicle,thebrakeshavetoconvertthekineticenergytoheatenergy;thespeedofconversiongovernstherateatwhichthevehicleslowsdown.汽车从原地起步加速到某一速度需要能量。储存在汽车中的那部分能量称为动能。要降低车度，制动器必须把汽车的动能转化为热能；转换的速度决定了汽车减速的快慢。kinetic[kai'netik]动力（学）的；运动的3BrakeSystem2.Mainpartsofbrakingsystem1.Theenergy-supplyingdevice功能装置2.Thecontroldevice控制装置3.Thetransmissiondevice传动装置4.Thebrake制动器4BrakeSystem1——盘式制动器；2——制动钳；3——制动管路；4——制动踏板；5——制动主缸；6——制动轮缸；7——鼓式制动器FrontBrakeRearBrakecaliper['kælipə]卡钳;卡尺5BrakeSystem6BrakeSystem7BrakeSystem3.ThetypesofbrakingsystemServicebrakingsystem辅助制动系Parkingbrakingsystem驻车制动系Thesecondbrakingsystem第二制动系1)AccordingtothefunctionofbrakingsystemRunningbrakingsystem行车制动系8BrakeSystemMechanicalbrakingsystem机械式制动系统Hydraulicbrakingsystem液压式制动系统Pneumaticbrakingsystem气压式制动系统Electromagneticbrakingsystem电磁制动系统Combinationbrakingsystem混合式制动系统pneumatic[nju:‘mætik]adj.空气的,气体的electromagnetic[i'lektrəumæg'netik]adj.电磁(体)的2)Accordingtothetransmissiondevice93)Accordingtothetypesofenergyusedmuscularenergybrakingsystem/non-powerbrakingsystem人力制动系energyassistedbrakingsystem/powerassistedbrakingsystem伺服制动系统non-muscularenergybrakingsystem/powerbrakingsystem动力制动系统BrakeSystemmuscular[‘mʌskjulə]肌肉10BrakeSystem4.ThetypesofthebrakeTwotypesofbrakeareusedinmoderncars:drumbrakesanddiscbrakes.Since1976,allcarshaveuseddiscbrakesonthefrontwheels.Mostcarsusedrumbrakesontherearwheels.Inbothdrumanddiscbrakes,ahydraulicsystemappliesthebrakes.Thehydraulicsystemconnectsthebrakepedaltothebrakepartsateachwheel.目前使用的制动器有两种类型：鼓式制动器和盘式制动器。从1976年开始，所有汽车的前轮都使用盘式制动器，大部分汽车后轮使用的是鼓式制动器，在盘式制动器和鼓式制动器中都使用液压系统。液压系统把制动踏板与每个车轮的制动部件相连接。11BrakeSystem12BrakeSystem1）maintypesofdrumbrakesSimplexdrumbrake(Leadingtrailingshoebrake)领从蹄式制动器Duo-trailingshoebrake(Twotrailingshoebrake)双从蹄式制动器Doubleleadingshoebrake单向双领蹄Duo-duplexdrumbrake(Doutwoleadingshoebrake)双向双领蹄式制动器Uni-servodrumbrake单向自增力式制动器Duo-servodrumbrake双向自增力式制动器simplex['simpleks]单一的duplex['dju:pleks]双重的servo['sə:vəu]伺服机构13BrakeSystem14BrakeSystem15BrakeSystemBackplateAdjustablesupportReturnspringBrakedrumBrakewheelcylinderBrakeshoeAdjustingnut165.Discbrake盘式制动器BrakeSystem17BrakeSystem5.Discbrake盘式制动器定钳盘式制动器18BrakeSystem19BrakeSystem20BrakeSystemExposedtotheair,discbrakeradiatetheheattotheairbetterthandrumbrake:thismeansthatthebrakecanbeoperatedcontinuouslyforalongperiod,i.e.theyhaveagreaterresistancetofade(fall-offinbrakeefficiencyduetoheat).由于暴露于空气中，盘式制动器的制动效果要比鼓式的好：这意味着盘式制动器能持续使用更长的时间，也就是说其抗热衰退性要好得多（因受热导致制动效能下降）。21BrakeSystem6.ABS（Anti-lockBrakingSystem）coefficient[,kəui'fiʃənt]系数22BrakeSystemMainpartsofABSmodule[‘mɔdju:l]模数，单元，组件23BrakeSystemMainpartsofABSplunger['plʌndʒə]solenoid['səulinɔid]24BrakeSystem25BrakeSystemTheend26SteeringSystem转向系1.Thefunctionofthesteeringsystemistoprovidethedriverwithameansforcontrollingthedirectionofthevehicleasitmoves.272.ThetypeofthesteeringsystemThemanualsteeringsystem机械式转向系统Thepowersteeringsystem动力转向系统Rack-and-pinionsteering齿轮齿条式转向系统Recirculating-ballsteering循环球式转向系统SteeringSystemrack[ræk]齿条ElectricPowerAidedSteeringSystem电动助力转向系统28以驾驶员的体力为转向能源，其中所有的传力件都是机械零件。兼用驾驶员的体力和发动机动力为转向能源，其转向系统中需要增加动力转向装置。以驾驶员的体力和电能为转向能源，其转向系统中需要增加电动装置或者电液装置。机械转向系统MechanicalSteeringSystem动力转向系统PowerSteeringSystem电动助力转向系统ElectricPowerAidedSteeringSystemSteeringSystem29SteeringSystem3.Themanualsteeringsystem机械式转向系统pitman[‘pitmən]连接杆30SteeringSystem31Worm-and-LeverSteeringGear蜗杆曲柄指销式转向器3.1SteeringGear转向器1)ThetypesofsteeringgearRackandPinionSteeringGear齿轮齿条式转向器RecirculationBallSteeringGear循环球式转向器322)RackandPinionSteeringGear齿轮齿条式转向器SteeringSystemprotrude[prə'tru:d]伸出,突出33SteeringSystem34SteeringSystem35SteeringSystem36一般采用两级传动：第一级为螺杆(Wormshaft)螺母(Ballnut)传动副；第二级为齿条(Rack)齿扇(Sector)传动副。3）RecirculationBallSteeringGear循环球式转向器SteeringSystem37SteeringSystem38SteeringSystem394.ThepowerSteeringGear动力转向系SteeringSystem40Suspension汽车悬架1.thefunctionofsuspensionThesuspensionsystemsupportstheweightoftheengine,transmission,carbody,andwhateverthecarbodyiscarrying.Suspensionisthetotalnameofaseriestransmissionandconnectiondevicesbetweentheframe(orthebearingbody)andtheaxle(orthewheel).悬架是车架（或承载式车身）与车桥（或车轮）之间的一切传力连接装置的总称。412.Thetypesofsuspensionrigidaxlesuspension/nonindependentsuspension/solidaxlesuspension/live-axlesuspension非独立悬架IS=Independentsuspension/allindependentsuspension独立悬架Suspensionsemi-independentsuspension半独立悬架rigid[‘ridʒid]坚硬的、坚固的42SteeringSystem3.Theconstructionofsuspension43Suspensionstrut[strʌt]支撑44SteeringSystem45Suspension46Suspension