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TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社1.Doyouthinkcheerleadingisasport?Yes,Ithinkso.Ithastheelementsthatconstituteasport,suchas,teammemebers,bodymovements,sportsgroundandsoon.TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社2.Ifcheerleadingisasport,doyouthinkitisacompetitivesport?Inmyopinion,cheerleadingisacompetitivesport,foritalsoneedsallthememberstocoordinateandworktogethertohelpenhancethemoraleoftheirteamandhelpthemtowinbyusingstrategies.TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社Thetextismadeupoffiveparts.Trytogiveeachpartaheading.Thefirsthasbeengiven.ParagraphsHeadingsPart1(1)Introductionofthetopic.Part2()Part3()Part4()Part5()2-3Characteristicsofcheerleadinganditsfunctionsonandoffthesportsground.4-7Twotypesofcheerleadingandargumentforitsdesignationasasport.8-9Theargumentsforitssafety.10Cheerleadingneedsofficialdesignationasasport.TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社IsCheerleadingaSport?(1)Iftheleavesarechangingcolor,itmeansallthingspigskinhogthespotlight.Butshifttheattentiontothesidelinestothecheerleadingsquad,andyou’llfindsimilarathleticismandthesamekindsofdebatesoversafetyconcernsasthosecurrentlyatthecenteroffootball.It’sareminderofaquestionthatwouldappearsimpleonthesurfacebutisinfactconfusingtheworldofathletics:Ischeerleadingasport?ByCharlesCurtisTextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社(2)Theargumentinfavorseesanactivitythatrequiresagreatdealofathleticismtoperformahostofmaneuversthatincludeflips,twists,andtosses,nottomentionequalmeasuresofcontrol,balance,flexibility,andprecision.Competitionsfornationalhigh-schoolcheerleadingchampionshipsareasdemandingandheatedasthewin-or-go-homeMarchMadnessinthecollegeDivisionIbasketballtournament.Or,asAdamsStateCollegecheerleadingcoachValerieHagedornputitintheNewYorkTimeslastyear:“Wedon’tthrowballs,wethrowpeople.Andwecatchthem.”Itcertainlysoundslikeasport.TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社(3)Butcheerleadersstillservethefunctionthatearnedthemtheirnamedecadesago:They’reonthesidelinestoleadcheersforthesportsteamoutonthefield.Inthatrole,they’renotcompetingagainstanotherteamwithawinoralossatstake.They’resupposedtogetfansoutoftheirseatsandgenerateexcitement.Offthefield,theycontinuetoprovideteamsupport,meetingwithfansandperformingatalumnifunctions.Noneofthatcouldbeconsidered,initself,asport.TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社(4)Currently,29ofthe50statehigh-schoolassociationsclassifycheerleadingasasport,butthereisastrongargumentforelevatingcheerleadingtosuchadesignationatalllevels.Creatingcheerleadingprogramsfocusedspecificallyoncompetitionwouldbeanotherstepingivingwomenathleticopportunitiesequaltothoseofmen.TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社(5)Traditionalcheerleadinghasitsathleticelements,butbecauseparticipantsaresupportersandnotexclusivelycompetitors,itdoesn’tfitthedefinitionofasportbytheOfficeforCivilRights.Butimagineatypeofcheerleadingthatfocusedonascheduleofcompetitionsinaformatthatwoulddeclareawinnerandaneventualchampion.Infact,twosuchsportsarebeingdevelopedinthatmanner.Thefirstisknownas“acro”—shortforacrobaticsandtumbling.Onthecollegelevel,athleteswearnumbereduniformsinsteadoftraditionalshortskirtsandgiveperformancesthatresemblegymnasticfloorroutines.Theothersport,developedbyU.S.ACheer,isknownas“stunt”.Teamsgohead-to-head,side-by-side,with23schoolslistedintherankingsasparticipantsinroutinesinvolvingpartnerstunts,pyramids,baskettosses,jumps,andtumblingskills,accordingtotheCollegeStuntAssociation’swebpage.TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社(6)BothstuntandacroarelookingfortheNationalCollegiateAthleticAssociation(NCAA)todeemtheman“emergingsport”,sincetheiractivityremovesthefacetsofcheerleadingthataren’tconsideredathletic.ThatwouldgoalongwayinhelpingschoolscomplywithTitleIX,thelandmarklegislationpassed40yearsagorequiringequalopportunitiesinathleticsandeducationforbothmenandwomen—especiallyinlightofa2010courtrulingthatcompetitivecheerleadingdidnotcounttowardmeetingTitleIXrequirements.TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社(7)“There’sstillabiggapbetweenwhatboysandgirlshave,andschoolsneedtoaddwomen’ssports,”saysNancyHogsheadMakar,seniordirectorofadvocacyattheWomen’sSportsFoundation.“They’renotinthepositionofbeingabletodropsports.Rightnow,thegapiswomenare54percentofthecollegestudentpopulation,butthey’reonly45percentofthecollegeathleticseducationopportunities.”TextAUnitTwoSportsandCompetition华东师范大学出版社(8)Anotherargumentforcategorizingcheerleadingasasportissafety.Lastmonth,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(AAP)reportedthat66percentofcatastrophicinjuries—definedasincluding“closed-headinjury,skullfractures,andcervicalspineinjuriesresultinginpermanentbraininjury,paralysis,ordeath”—tohigh-schoolfemaleathletesinthelastquarter-centurycamefromcheerleading.Thestudy’sauthorssuggestedthatdesignatingcheerleadingasasportwouldbringitunderthe“rulesandregulationssetforthbysportsgoverningbodies…andschoolathleticdepartments,”therebyhelpingparticipantsgetthekindofathletictraining,facilities,andcoachesnecessarytotreatandpreventinju