Uuit1WhatisGeomatics?(什么是测绘学)GeomaticsDefined(测绘学定义)WheredoesthewordGeomaticscomefrom?(Geomatics-测绘或地球空间信息学,这个名词是怎么来的呢?)GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICSorGEO-forearthand–MATICSformathematicalorGEO-forGeoscienceand-MATICSforinformatics.(大地测量学+地理信息学=GEOMATICS测绘学或者geo代表地球,matics代表数学,或者geo代表地球科学,matics代表信息学)Ithasbeensaidthatgeomaticsismanythingstomanypeople.(据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解)ThetermgeomaticsemergedfirstinCanadaandasanacademicdiscipline;ithasbeenintroducedworldwideinanumberofinstitutesofhighereducationduringthepastfewyears,mostlybyrenamingwhatwaspreviouslycalled“geodesy”or“surveying”,andbyaddinganumberofcomputersciencesand/orGIS-orientedcourses.(这个术语【term术语】作为一个学科【academicdiscipline学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大;在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知,通常是以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS方向【或“基于GIS”】的课程后重新命名的。)Nowthetermincludesthetraditionalsurveyingdefinitionalongwithsurveyingsteadilyincreasedimportancewiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesandthegrowingdemandforavarietyofspatiallyrelatedtypesofinformation,particularlyinmeasuringandmonitoringourenvironment.(随着新技术的发展和不断增长的对空间关系的信息类型的需求,尤其是在测量和监测我们的环境方面【环境监测】,现在,传统测量学定义连同【alongwith】日益【steadily稳定的】增长的测量的重要性一起包含在这个术语里了。【逗号后面的句子修饰demand】)Increasinglycriticalareareasofexpandingpopulations,appreciatinglandvalues,dwindlingnaturalresources,andthecontinuingstressingofthequalityofourland,waterandairfromhumanactivities.(日益增长的危机来自人口扩张,地价上涨,资源紧缩【紧张】,还有由于人类活动引起的土地、水、空气质量的持续的压力【由人类活动带来的土地、水、空气质量的恶化】)Assuch,geomaticsbridgeswidearcsfromthegeosciencesthroughvariousengineeringsciencesandcomputersciencestospatialplanning,landdevelopmentandtheenvironmentalsciences.(这样,测绘学在地球科学,各种工程学【engineeringsciences工程学】,计算机科学,空间规划,土地开发和环境科学相互之间架起了广泛的桥梁。)NowthewordgeomaticshasbeenadoptedbyseveralinternationalbodiesincludingtheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO),soitisheretostay.(现在geomatics这个词已经被包括ISO【国际标准化组织】在内的数个国际机构【internationalbodies】所采用,因此它就这样被普遍接受【beheretostay习惯用语“被普遍接受”】)Theterm“surveyor”istraditionallyusedtocollectivelydescribethoseengagedintheaboveactivities.(surveyor这个词按惯例用来总指(这换成“总称”较好)【collectively全体的】那些从事上述活动的人。)MoreexplicitjobdescriptionssuchasLandSurveyor,EngineeringSurveyororHydrographicSurveyorforexample,arecommonlyusedbypractitionerstomoreclearlydescribeandmarkettheirspecializedexpertise.(更具体的【explicit清楚的、直接的】工作如土地测量员、工程测量员和水道测量员,一般【commonly一般地】被业内人士【practitioners从业者】用来更准确的描述他们的专门技术。【直译为:更清楚的工作描述就如如土地测量员、工程测量员和水道测量员,一般被从业者用来更准确的描述他们的专门技术。】)Thetermgeomaticsisarecentcreationtoconveythetruecollectiveandscientificnatureoftheserelatedactivitiesandhastheflexibilitytoallowfortheincorporationoffuturetechnologicaldevelopmentsinthesefields.(geomatics这个术语是个新词,表达【convey传达】了实体集合和它们相关联【related】的活动的自然科学,并使这些领域的未来技术发展的结合【incorporation结合】成为可能。【flexibility弹性、机动性】)Adoptionofthetermalsoallowsacoherentmarketingoftheprofessiontoindustryandschoolsonaworldwidebasis.(这个术语的采用同时也在全世界范围里为行业【industry】里和学校建立了【allow允许了】一个一致的【coherent】专业市场)Asaresult,bothcourseandawardtitlesinthetraditionalLandSurveyingsectoratmanyoftheworld’sleadinguniversitiesarebeingchangedto“DegreeinGeomatics”.(结果,世界上许多一流大学的传统的测量专业【部门】的无论是课程还是授予资【授予学位名称】格都改为“测绘学位”【DegreeinGeomatics】的了)Thisdoesnotsuggestthedemiseoftheterm“surveyor”andgraduateswillstillpracticeaslandsurveyorsorphotogammertrists,etc.asappropriatetotheirspecialization.(这并不意味着“surveyor”这个词的消亡,测绘毕业生还将从事适合他们专业的【asappropriatetotheirspecialization】土地测量员、摄影测量员及其他【ect.】的工作)Inthelastdecade,therehasbeendramaticdevelopmentandgrowthintheuseofhardwareandsoftwaresolutionstobothmeasureandprocessgeo-spatialdata.(在过去的十年中,在应用硬件和软件的方法【solution解决方法】来测量和处理地球空间数据工作时有着戏剧性的发展和增长)[intheuseof在使用……时]Thishascreatedandwillcontinuetocreatenewareasofapplication,withassociatedjobopportunitiesforsuitablyqualifiedgraduates.(创造并将继续创造新的应用【application】领域,并为合适的、合格【qualified有资格的】的毕业生提供相关的【associated】工作。)Asaresult,theroleofthe“surveyor”isexpandingbeyondtraditionalareasofpractice,asdescribedabove,intonewareasofopportunity.(结果是,“surveyor”的角色大大超越传统实践领域――如前面所述的领域,进入到新的【opportunity机会、时机】的领域。)Inaddition,recentadvancesinthetechnologyofdatacollectionandprocessinghaveblurredtheboundariesofpracticeandactivitybetweenwhatwerepreviouslyregardedasrelatedbutseparateareas.(另外,最近的数据采集和处理技术的发展模糊了以前被认为有联系却分离的领域的【实践的活动的practiceandactivity】界限)Suchdevelopmentsareforecasttocontinueandwillcreatenewcareerpathsforgraduateswhoseeducationandtrainingisbroadlybasedandofahighacademicstandard.(可以预见【forecast】,这种发展继续并将为涉猎广泛、学识一流的【broadlybasedandofahighacademicstandard】毕业生创造新的事业。)Toenablegraduatestotakefulladvantageofthesedevelopments,significantchangesineducationandtrainingarerequired.(为了使毕业生能充分利用【takefulladvantageof】这些发展,教育和训练的重大改革【significantchanges】成为必需的)Academicandprofessionalinstitutionsarealsoresponding,inpart,byadoptingthetermgeomaticsbothasacourseandasanawardtitle.(学院的和专业的机构也作出反应,部分地,采用术语“geomatics”作为一门课程和一项授予资格【授予学位名称】。)Aworkingdefinitionofgeomatics,whichreflectscurrentthinkingandpredictedchange,is:(测绘学的一个现在使用的反映了当前的思想和对未来的预期的定义是:)Thescienceandtechnologyofacquiring,storing,processing,managing,analyzingandpresentinggeographicallyreferencedinformation(geo-spatialda